News                                                            

On January 7th, at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2025, NVIDIA officially launched its latest GeForce RTX 50 series graphics cards, introducing four models: the RTX 5090, RTX 5080, RTX 5070, and RTX 5070 Ti.

Key Features of the GeForce RTX 50 Series

The RTX 50 series is built on NVIDIA's new 

, offering significant advancements. The series upgrades its video memory to GDDR7 and enhances AI computing power by up to 

 technology. Leveraging AI deep learning, DLSS 4 generates additional frames for each rendered frame, significantly improving gaming performance. With DLSS 4 enabled, gaming frame rates increase by nearly 

 compared to when it's disabled, ensuring an ultra-smooth and immersive gaming experience.

RTX 5090 vs. RTX 4090: Cyberpunk 2077 Performance Test

Whether it's for gaming or productivity, the 

RTX 5090 delivers nearly double the performance of the RTX 4090.(Image : 

The RTX 5070 also delivers nearly double the performance of the RTX 4070.

GeForce RTX 50 Series Pricing and Release Dates

The RTX 50 series offers competitive pricing, with flagship RTX 5090 priced higher than the RTX 4090, while the RTX 5080, RTX 5070 Ti, and RTX 5070 are more affordable than their predecessors.





On January 7th, at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2025, NVIDIA officially launched its latest GeForce RTX 50 series graphics cards, introducing four models: the RTX 5090, RTX 5080, RTX 5070, and RTX 5070 Ti.



Key Features of the GeForce RTX 50 Series

1. Updated Architecture

The RTX 50 series is built on NVIDIA's new Blackwell architecture, offering significant advancements. The series upgrades its video memory to GDDR7 and enhances AI computing power by up to 3x compared to its predecessors.



2. Latest DLSS 4 Technology

The RTX 50 series introduces the latest Deep Learning Super Sampling (DLSS 4) technology. Leveraging AI deep learning, DLSS 4 generates additional frames for each rendered frame, significantly improving gaming performance. With DLSS 4 enabled, gaming frame rates increase by nearly 10x compared to when it's disabled, ensuring an ultra-smooth and immersive gaming experience.





↑ RTX 5090 vs. RTX 4090: Cyberpunk 2077 Performance Test



GeForce RTX 50 Series Performance

Whether it's for gaming or productivity, the RTX 50 series delivers nearly double the performance compared to the previous RTX 40 series.





↑ RTX 5090 delivers nearly double the performance of the RTX 4090.(Image : Nvidia)





↑ The RTX 5070 also delivers nearly double the performance of the RTX 4070.(Image : Nvidia)



GeForce RTX 50 Series Pricing and Release Dates

The RTX 50 series offers competitive pricing, with flagship RTX 5090 priced higher than the RTX 4090, while the RTX 5080, RTX 5070 Ti, and RTX 5070 are more affordable than their predecessors.





NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090: MSRP $1999 USD, launching on January 30.



NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5080: MSRP $999 USD, launching on January 30.



NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070 Ti: MSRP $749 USD, expected to launch in February.



NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070: MSRP $549 USD, expected to launch in February.

NVIDIA unveiled the latest GeForce RTX 50 series graphics cards at CES, with a scheduled release in January.

Nvidia announces next-gen RTX 50 Series Graphics Cards

At this moment of renewal, darkFlash presents a range of high-performance hardware—cooling solutions, fans, and peripherals—to elevate your PC's performance and user experience to the next level. Let’s explore these must-have products of the year and embark on a new chapter of tech innovation together!

 : A Perfect Blend of Aesthetics and Functionality

The darkFlash DY470 ATX PC Case features a diamond-cut design with 330-degree panoramic tempered glass, showcasing your build in style. It supports vertical GPU mounting and high-efficiency airflow configuration, combining visual appeal with excellent cooling performance.

: Stable Power for Full Hardware Protection

The PMT Power Supply is 80 PLUS certified, delivering stable power to support high-performance hardware. Whether gaming, working, or creating, enjoy unrestricted, full-speed performance.

The darkFlash DN-360S Cooler offers superior cooling performance with a built-in 2.1-inch IPS display. Showcase system information or customize it with images and animations for a personalized experience. Paired with silent, high-efficiency fans, it keeps your system cool and stable at all times.

Say goodbye to complex installations with GUASS Magnetic Fans. The magnetic design allows for quick assembly and hassle-free operation. High-airflow blades provide excellent cooling performance while vibrant ARGB lighting creates the perfect balance of technology and aesthetics.

The DFM600 Wireless Mouse offers precise optical sensing technology and an ergonomic design for comfortable control during work and play. Its wireless connection ensures a seamless and interference-free experience anytime, anywhere.

The DF98 Tri-Mode Gaming Keyboard supports wired, Bluetooth, and 2.4GHz wireless connections to suit various scenarios. With mechanical switches and a refined dual-tone design, every keystroke is a joy, keeping you ahead in games and productive in work.

Upgrade your setup today with darkFlash and step into a new year with cutting-edge PC gear!

 





At this moment of renewal, darkFlash presents a range of high-performance hardware—cooling solutions, fans, and peripherals—to elevate your PC's performance and user experience to the next level. Let’s explore these must-have products of the year and embark on a new chapter of tech innovation together!



DY470 ATX PC Case : A Perfect Blend of Aesthetics and Functionality


The darkFlash DY470 ATX PC Case features a diamond-cut design with 330-degree panoramic tempered glass, showcasing your build in style. It supports vertical GPU mounting and high-efficiency airflow configuration, combining visual appeal with excellent cooling performance.















PMT Power Supply : Stable Power for Full Hardware Protection


The PMT Power Supply is 80 PLUS certified, delivering stable power to support high-performance hardware. Whether gaming, working, or creating, enjoy unrestricted, full-speed performance.















DN-360S Liquid Cooler : The Fusion of Cool and Smart


The darkFlash DN-360S Cooler offers superior cooling performance with a built-in 2.1-inch IPS display. Showcase system information or customize it with images and animations for a personalized experience. Paired with silent, high-efficiency fans, it keeps your system cool and stable at all times.















GUASS Magnetic Fan : Innovative Design, Ultimate Airflow


Say goodbye to complex installations with GUASS Magnetic Fans. The magnetic design allows for quick assembly and hassle-free operation. High-airflow blades provide excellent cooling performance while vibrant ARGB lighting creates the perfect balance of technology and aesthetics.















DFM600 Wireless Mouse : Freedom in Your Hands


The DFM600 Wireless Mouse offers precise optical sensing technology and an ergonomic design for comfortable control during work and play. Its wireless connection ensures a seamless and interference-free experience anytime, anywhere.











DF98 Tri-Mode Gaming Keyboard : Unlimited Versatility


The DF98 Tri-Mode Gaming Keyboard supports wired, Bluetooth, and 2.4GHz wireless connections to suit various scenarios. With mechanical switches and a refined dual-tone design, every keystroke is a joy, keeping you ahead in games and productive in work.















Upgrade your setup today with darkFlash and step into a new year with cutting-edge PC gear!





darkFlash presents a range of high-performance hardware to elevate your PC's performance and user experience to the next level.

New Year, New Upgrades : Build Your Exclusive darkFlash PC Gear!

How to Guide                                                    

Since Intel debuted its new graphics card series in 2022, by the end of 2024, the company has released a fresh B-series graphics card lineup, continuing its efforts to compete with the two giants, NVIDIA and AMD, in the GPU market.

| How to Choose the Right Intel Arc Model |

Intel's Arc series is labeled using letters, with the first generation starting with "A" and the second generation beginning with "B." The products are divided into entry-level, mid-range, and high-end categories:

Therefore, the Intel Arc B580 represents a second-generation mainstream-level graphics card from Intel.

| Performance of the New Intel Arc B580 |

The Intel Arc B580 is positioned to compete with the NVIDIA RTX 4060 and AMD RX 6750 GRE. Below are the test results.

In popular shooter game CS2, the Arc B580 performed slightly worse than the RTX 4060 by around 7% in frame rate. However, in the game Elden Ring, when played at 2K high settings, the Intel Arc B580 outperformed both NVIDIA and AMD cards.

↑ Frame Rate Performance in CS2 with the Latest Intel Arc B580: 142 FPS (Image Credit: 

↑ Frame Rate Performance in Elden Ring with the Latest Intel Arc B580: 99 FPS (Image Credit: 

Using DaVinci Resolve to export a 4K60fps video, the Intel Arc B580 completed the task in just 2 minutes and 21 seconds, nearly twice as fast as the AMD RX 6750 GRE, thanks to its AV1 hardware encoding technology.

| Is the Intel Arc Graphics Card Worth Buying? |

Here are the main advantages and challenges of the Intel Arc graphics card, which can help you decide if it's the right choice for you.

Advantages of the Intel Arc Graphics Card

The Intel Arc graphics cards are competitively priced, offering better value for money compared to equivalent AMD and NVIDIA models.

The Intel Arc is one of the few graphics cards that support AV1 hardware encoding, making it especially suitable for content creators, particularly in fields that require high compression performance such as live streaming and video editing.

Intel is actively optimizing drivers, fixing compatibility issues, and enhancing performance. With each driver update, the performance in certain games even surpasses that of similar-level competitors.

Challenges Facing Intel Arc Graphics Cards

While drivers are improving, some games and software may still experience compatibility and stability issues compared to NVIDIA and AMD cards.

As a new entrant in the GPU market, Intel faces a challenge in competing with NVIDIA and AMD, which have established strong footholds. Without compelling incentives, consumers may be reluctant to switch to Intel Arc graphics cards. If market share does not grow over time, Intel may eventually phase out its Arc series products.





Since Intel debuted its new graphics card series in 2022, by the end of 2024, the company has released a fresh B-series graphics card lineup, continuing its efforts to compete with the two giants, NVIDIA and AMD, in the GPU market.



| How to Choose the Right Intel Arc Model |





Intel's Arc series is labeled using letters, with the first generation starting with "A" and the second generation beginning with "B." The products are divided into entry-level, mid-range, and high-end categories:





Entry-level GPU: Arc 3 series



Mainstream GPU: Arc 5 series



High-end GPU: Arc 7 series

Therefore, the Intel Arc B580 represents a second-generation mainstream-level graphics card from Intel.



| Performance of the New Intel Arc B580 |

The Intel Arc B580 is positioned to compete with the NVIDIA RTX 4060 and AMD RX 6750 GRE. Below are the test results.



Gaming Performance

In popular shooter game CS2, the Arc B580 performed slightly worse than the RTX 4060 by around 7% in frame rate. However, in the game Elden Ring, when played at 2K high settings, the Intel Arc B580 outperformed both NVIDIA and AMD cards.





↑ Frame Rate Performance in CS2 with the Latest Intel Arc B580: 142 FPS (Image Credit: Geek Bay)





↑ Frame Rate Performance in Elden Ring with the Latest Intel Arc B580: 99 FPS (Image Credit: Geek Bay)


Productivity Performance

Using DaVinci Resolve to export a 4K60fps video, the Intel Arc B580 completed the task in just 2 minutes and 21 seconds, nearly twice as fast as the AMD RX 6750 GRE, thanks to its AV1 hardware encoding technology.







| Is the Intel Arc Graphics Card Worth Buying? |

Here are the main advantages and challenges of the Intel Arc graphics card, which can help you decide if it's the right choice for you.



Advantages of the Intel Arc Graphics Card





Affordable Pricing

The Intel Arc graphics cards are competitively priced, offering better value for money compared to equivalent AMD and NVIDIA models.







AV1 Hardware Encoding Support

The Intel Arc is one of the few graphics cards that support AV1 hardware encoding, making it especially suitable for content creators, particularly in fields that require high compression performance such as live streaming and video editing.











Ongoing Driver Updates

Intel is actively optimizing drivers, fixing compatibility issues, and enhancing performance. With each driver update, the performance in certain games even surpasses that of similar-level competitors.







Challenges Facing Intel Arc Graphics Cards





Driver Compatibility Issues

While drivers are improving, some games and software may still experience compatibility and stability issues compared to NVIDIA and AMD cards.







Market Maturity

As a new entrant in the GPU market, Intel faces a challenge in competing with NVIDIA and AMD, which have established strong footholds. Without compelling incentives, consumers may be reluctant to switch to Intel Arc graphics cards. If market share does not grow over time, Intel may eventually phase out its Arc series products.





Intel has launched the second-generation Arc series graphics cards, offering performance comparable to the NVIDIA RTX 4060 and AMD RX 6750 GRE, while also providing better value for money.

Is the Newly Released Intel Arc Graphics Card Worth Considering?

An SSD is a storage device that uses flash memory technology to store data. It offers faster read speeds and quieter operation compared to traditional hard drives.

Currently, the most common SSD specifications are 2.5-inch SSDs and M.2 SSDs.

This SSD uses the SATA interface, with transfer speeds typically ranging from 500 to 600 MB/s. It's suitable for budget-conscious consumers or as an upgrade for older computers.

This SSD uses flash memory technology and is installed directly into an M.2 slot on the motherboard, significantly increasing transfer speeds. The latest PCIe 5.0 protocol can reach up to 10,000 MB/s.

| Choosing the Right SSD Based on Key Factors |

Both 2.5-inch SSDs and M.2 SSDs offer similar capacity options, starting at 256GB and going up to 8TB.

2.5-inch SSDs typically have transfer speeds of 500-600 MB/s. M.2 SSD speeds depend on the PCIe version: PCIe 3.0 can reach 3,500 MB/s, PCIe 4.0 can reach 7,000 MB/s, and PCIe 5.0 can go up to 10,000 MB/s or higher.

For smaller cases and motherboards (e.g., ITX or compact M-ATX), an M.2 SSD is recommended due to space constraints. For larger cases and motherboards (e.g., ATX or bigger), both 2.5-inch SSDs and M.2 SSDs can be used.

| Important Notes on SSD Installation and Usage |

M.2 SSDs come in different sizes, indicated by a four-digit number. The first two digits represent the width, and the last two digits represent the length. Common sizes include 2230, 2242, and 2280.

Since SSDs use flash memory cells, data recovery in case of damage can be costly and may not always be successful. It's advisable to install disk monitoring software like 

 to check the health of your SSD regularly and to maintain a backup habit.

↑ CrystalDiskInfo Hard Drive Status Screen

When selecting an SSD, it's crucial to consider your needs, budget, and computer specifications. The best choice is always the one that fits your requirements the most.





An SSD is a storage device that uses flash memory technology to store data. It offers faster read speeds and quieter operation compared to traditional hard drives.



| Common SSD Specifications |

Currently, the most common SSD specifications are 2.5-inch SSDs and M.2 SSDs.



2.5-inch SSD

This SSD uses the SATA interface, with transfer speeds typically ranging from 500 to 600 MB/s. It's suitable for budget-conscious consumers or as an upgrade for older computers.





Advantages: Faster and more stable transfer speeds compared to mechanical hard drives, with similar pricing.



Disadvantages: Slower transfer speeds compared to higher-end M.2 SSDs, and the physical size is larger.



M.2 SSD

This SSD uses flash memory technology and is installed directly into an M.2 slot on the motherboard, significantly increasing transfer speeds. The latest PCIe 5.0 protocol can reach up to 10,000 MB/s.





Advantages: High-speed transfer rates and no need for additional case space for installation.



Disadvantages: Because of its high transfer speed, an additional heatsink is often required for cooling.





| Choosing the Right SSD Based on Key Factors |

Storage Capacity

Both 2.5-inch SSDs and M.2 SSDs offer similar capacity options, starting at 256GB and going up to 8TB.







Read Speed

2.5-inch SSDs typically have transfer speeds of 500-600 MB/s. M.2 SSD speeds depend on the PCIe version: PCIe 3.0 can reach 3,500 MB/s, PCIe 4.0 can reach 7,000 MB/s, and PCIe 5.0 can go up to 10,000 MB/s or higher.





Case Space

For smaller cases and motherboards (e.g., ITX or compact M-ATX), an M.2 SSD is recommended due to space constraints. For larger cases and motherboards (e.g., ATX or bigger), both 2.5-inch SSDs and M.2 SSDs can be used.







| Important Notes on SSD Installation and Usage |

SSD Length

M.2 SSDs come in different sizes, indicated by a four-digit number. The first two digits represent the width, and the last two digits represent the length. Common sizes include 2230, 2242, and 2280.





M.2 SSD 2230: Suitable for expanding storage in handheld gaming devices.



M.2 SSD 2242: Suitable for expanding storage in ultra-thin laptops.



M.2 SSD 2280: Suitable for expanding storage in desktop computers and gaming consoles.





SSD Lifespan

Since SSDs use flash memory cells, data recovery in case of damage can be costly and may not always be successful. It's advisable to install disk monitoring software like CrystalDiskInfo to check the health of your SSD regularly and to maintain a backup habit.





↑ CrystalDiskInfo Hard Drive Status Screen



| Choosing the Best SSD for Your Needs |

When selecting an SSD, it's crucial to consider your needs, budget, and computer specifications. The best choice is always the one that fits your requirements the most.

When choosing an SSD (Solid-State Drive), it's essential to consider factors such as storage capacity, transfer speed, and case space.

A Complete Guide to Understanding SSD Specifications

Reviews                                                         

Currently, the most common case fans on the market are 12 cm and 14 cm. However, fans pre-installed in cases are still predominantly 12 cm. What are the differences between these two sizes, and should you consider upgrading to a 14 cm fan?

| Differences Between 12 cm and 14 cm Fans |

The primary differences between 12 cm and 14 cm fans are airflow, cooling performance, noise levels, and case compatibility.

When operating at the same speed, a 14 cm fan will generate higher airflow, resulting in better cooling performance compared to a 12 cm fan.

At the same noise level, a 14 cm fan operates at a lower speed while providing stronger airflow. However, at the same fan speed, a 12 cm fan will produce less noise.

Since 14 cm fans require larger spaces and screw holes that specifically fit the 14 cm size, not all cases support 14 cm fans. It’s important to check compatibility before purchasing.

| Who Should Upgrade to 14 cm Case Fans? |

14 cm fans offer higher airflow at full speed, lowering internal temperatures more effectively than 12 cm fans.

14 cm fans tend to be noisier than 12 cm fans. They are ideal for users who typically wear headphones while gaming or using their PC for extended periods.

| Why Aren’t 14 cm Case Fans the Mainstream Choice? |

While some cases come pre-installed with 14 cm fans, 12 cm fans are still the most common choice. This is due to several reasons:

14 cm fans tend to be slightly more expensive than their 12 cm counterparts. For example, the Owl NF-P12 and NF-P14 fans are priced at $20 and $23, respectively. The price difference of $3 per fan can add up to $9 for 3 to 4 fans. However, real-world testing shows that a 14 cm fan only reduces temperatures by about 1 degree compared to a 12 cm fan, which may not justify the higher cost.

↑ Test Results from PC Build (Video from 

Most consumers do not run their PCs at full speed for extended periods. The airflow and cooling performance of 12 cm fans are sufficient for everyday use, so upgrading to 14 cm fans is often unnecessary.





Currently, the most common case fans on the market are 12 cm and 14 cm. However, fans pre-installed in cases are still predominantly 12 cm. What are the differences between these two sizes, and should you consider upgrading to a 14 cm fan?



| Differences Between 12 cm and 14 cm Fans |

The primary differences between 12 cm and 14 cm fans are airflow, cooling performance, noise levels, and case compatibility.



Airflow and Cooling Performance

When operating at the same speed, a 14 cm fan will generate higher airflow, resulting in better cooling performance compared to a 12 cm fan.







Speed and Noise Levels

At the same noise level, a 14 cm fan operates at a lower speed while providing stronger airflow. However, at the same fan speed, a 12 cm fan will produce less noise.







Case Compatibility

Since 14 cm fans require larger spaces and screw holes that specifically fit the 14 cm size, not all cases support 14 cm fans. It’s important to check compatibility before purchasing.



| Who Should Upgrade to 14 cm Case Fans? |

Users with Higher Cooling Needs: 

14 cm fans offer higher airflow at full speed, lowering internal temperatures more effectively than 12 cm fans.



Users Less Concerned About Noise: 

14 cm fans tend to be noisier than 12 cm fans. They are ideal for users who typically wear headphones while gaming or using their PC for extended periods.







| Why Aren’t 14 cm Case Fans the Mainstream Choice? |

While some cases come pre-installed with 14 cm fans, 12 cm fans are still the most common choice. This is due to several reasons:



Lower Cost-Effectiveness

14 cm fans tend to be slightly more expensive than their 12 cm counterparts. For example, the Owl NF-P12 and NF-P14 fans are priced at $20 and $23, respectively. The price difference of $3 per fan can add up to $9 for 3 to 4 fans. However, real-world testing shows that a 14 cm fan only reduces temperatures by about 1 degree compared to a 12 cm fan, which may not justify the higher cost.





↑ Test Results from PC Build (Video from Super Computing Network)



Not Aligned with Market Demand

Most consumers do not run their PCs at full speed for extended periods. The airflow and cooling performance of 12 cm fans are sufficient for everyday use, so upgrading to 14 cm fans is often unnecessary.





14 cm case fans offer better cooling performance, but due to cost-effectiveness and market demand, 12 cm fans remain the mainstream choice.

What Are the Differences Between 14cm and 12cm Case Fans?

As a DIY beginner, you are often reminded to apply thermal paste when installing a cooler, or your system might fail to boot properly. But why is thermal paste so important? What makes this paste so essential?

Although the surfaces of the CPU and cooler might appear smooth to the naked eye, they are not perfectly flat. The gaps between them prevent effective heat transfer. Applying thermal paste fills these gaps, allowing the cooler to work at its maximum efficiency.

There are four common methods for applying thermal paste: the dot method, five-point method, cross method, and spread method.

Apply a small dot of thermal paste in the center of the CPU and then press the cooler down to spread the paste evenly between the CPU and cooler.

The five-point and cross methods are similar, ensuring that thermal paste is evenly applied from the center to the corners.

Apply a small amount of thermal paste to the CPU and use a spatula to evenly spread it across the surface.

| What Happens If You Don't Apply Thermal Paste? |

Even with a powerful cooler, if the heat from the CPU cannot be effectively transferred to the cooler, it won’t perform efficiently.

The CPU will throttle due to overheating, leading to a decrease in overall performance.

Prolonged high temperatures can significantly shorten the lifespan of the CPU and other components.

| Thermal Paste Selection and Usage Tips |

When selecting thermal paste, opt for one with a high thermal conductivity rating. Combining this with the proper application technique will ensure the best cooling performance.

Since the motherboard is filled with electronic components, using conductive thermal paste could cause interference or, in the worst-case scenario, permanent damage to your computer's components.

Before applying thermal paste, it’s a good idea to clean the surfaces of the CPU and cooler using alcohol and a cloth to ensure the highest possible cooling performance.

Thermal paste is an essential part of processor cooling. Not only does it improve computer performance, but it also extends the lifespan of your hardware.





As a DIY beginner, you are often reminded to apply thermal paste when installing a cooler, or your system might fail to boot properly. But why is thermal paste so important? What makes this paste so essential?



| Why is Thermal Paste Necessary? |

Although the surfaces of the CPU and cooler might appear smooth to the naked eye, they are not perfectly flat. The gaps between them prevent effective heat transfer. Applying thermal paste fills these gaps, allowing the cooler to work at its maximum efficiency.



↑ From intel official website

| How to Apply Thermal Paste |

There are four common methods for applying thermal paste: the dot method, five-point method, cross method, and spread method.





Dot Method

Apply a small dot of thermal paste in the center of the CPU and then press the cooler down to spread the paste evenly between the CPU and cooler.





Pros: Helps prevent excessive paste from spilling over the edges of the processor.



Cons: The distribution of thermal paste may be uneven around the edges of the CPU.



Five-Point / Cross Method

The five-point and cross methods are similar, ensuring that thermal paste is evenly applied from the center to the corners.





Pros: Ensures an even distribution of thermal paste, improving heat transfer.



Cons: If not applied correctly, thermal paste may spill over the processor.



Spread Method

Apply a small amount of thermal paste to the CPU and use a spatula to evenly spread it across the surface.





Pros: Offers better coverage and heat transfer than the five-point or cross methods.



Cons: If too much thermal paste is applied, it may spill over the edges of the processor.







| What Happens If You Don't Apply Thermal Paste? |

Wasted Cooler Performance: 

Even with a powerful cooler, if the heat from the CPU cannot be effectively transferred to the cooler, it won’t perform efficiently.



Reduced CPU Performance: 

The CPU will throttle due to overheating, leading to a decrease in overall performance.



Hardware Damage: 

Prolonged high temperatures can significantly shorten the lifespan of the CPU and other components.







| Thermal Paste Selection and Usage Tips |

Choose a High Thermal Conductivity Paste

When selecting thermal paste, opt for one with a high thermal conductivity rating. Combining this with the proper application technique will ensure the best cooling performance.







Select Non-Conductive Thermal Paste

Since the motherboard is filled with electronic components, using conductive thermal paste could cause interference or, in the worst-case scenario, permanent damage to your computer's components.







Clean Before Application

Before applying thermal paste, it’s a good idea to clean the surfaces of the CPU and cooler using alcohol and a cloth to ensure the highest possible cooling performance.







Thermal paste is an essential part of processor cooling. Not only does it improve computer performance, but it also extends the lifespan of your hardware.

The surface between the CPU and the cooler is not perfectly smooth, which is why thermal paste is needed to ensure optimal heat transfer.

Why You Must Apply Thermal Paste When Installing a Cooler

A graphics card vertical stand kit is designed specifically for installing the graphics card vertically. Not only does it allow for showcasing your graphics card, but it also helps to significantly reduce the risk of deformation caused by the weight of the card. Below are key points to consider when choosing a vertical stand kit and instructions on how to install it.

| Key Points for Choosing a Graphics Card Vertical Stand Kit |

In addition to ensuring the vertical stand is compatible with your case, the included PCIe extension cable interface is also a critical factor. Choose a stand that comes with a PCIe 4.0 ribbon cable. According to 

, PCIe 4.0 data transfer speeds are twice as fast as PCIe 3.0, so even when using an extension cable, there will be minimal performance loss.

The length of the extension cable should be selected based on the size of your case. For medium-to-large cases like the DY470, it is recommended to choose an extension cable that is 

Before purchasing a vertical stand kit, it is advisable to check whether your case supports a dedicated vertical graphics card mount. If your case does not have this feature, you can opt for a universal vertical stand kit.

| How to Install a Graphics Card Vertical Stand Kit | 

(Using the DY470 Dedicated Stand Kit as an Example)

*Note: Installation methods may vary depending on the manufacturer, so always refer to the instruction manual when installing.

Remove the I/O shield from the rear of the case.

Attach components (1-1 & 1-2) and secure with 3 stand screws.

Install the 2 copper pillars using the sleeve tool.

Secure the extension cable to the vertical stand using 2 M3 screws.

Step 5 | Install the Stand Kit into the Case

Tighten the 3 screws (stand screws) at the rear of the case to secure the I/O slot.

Tighten the 3 screws in the power bay to reinforce the vertical graphics card stand.





A graphics card vertical stand kit is designed specifically for installing the graphics card vertically. Not only does it allow for showcasing your graphics card, but it also helps to significantly reduce the risk of deformation caused by the weight of the card. Below are key points to consider when choosing a vertical stand kit and instructions on how to install it.



| Key Points for Choosing a Graphics Card Vertical Stand Kit |

Extension Cable Interface

In addition to ensuring the vertical stand is compatible with your case, the included PCIe extension cable interface is also a critical factor. Choose a stand that comes with a PCIe 4.0 ribbon cable. According to Intel's official data, PCIe 4.0 data transfer speeds are twice as fast as PCIe 3.0, so even when using an extension cable, there will be minimal performance loss.







Extension Cable Length

The length of the extension cable should be selected based on the size of your case. For medium-to-large cases like the DY470, it is recommended to choose an extension cable that is 150mm or longer.







Case Compatibility

Before purchasing a vertical stand kit, it is advisable to check whether your case supports a dedicated vertical graphics card mount. If your case does not have this feature, you can opt for a universal vertical stand kit.







| How to Install a Graphics Card Vertical Stand Kit | (Using the DY470 Dedicated Stand Kit as an Example)

*Note: Installation methods may vary depending on the manufacturer, so always refer to the instruction manual when installing.



Preparation Stage | Required Components





1 x Cross copper sleeve



10 x Stand screws



2 x Copper pillars



2 x M3 screws



1 x Graphics card stand component (1-1)



1 x PCIe extension cable



1 x Graphics card stand component (1-2)







Step 1 | Remove the Rear I/O Shield

Remove the I/O shield from the rear of the case.





Step 2 | Assemble the Vertical Stand

Attach components (1-1 & 1-2) and secure with 3 stand screws.





Step 3 | Attach the Copper Pillars

Install the 2 copper pillars using the sleeve tool.





Step 4 | Attach the Extension Cable

Secure the extension cable to the vertical stand using 2 M3 screws.





Step 5 | Install the Stand Kit into the Case

Insert the stand kit into the I/O slot.





Step 6 | Secure the Rear I/O Slot

Tighten the 3 screws (stand screws) at the rear of the case to secure the I/O slot.





Step 7 | Secure the Power Bay Screws

Tighten the 3 screws in the power bay to reinforce the vertical graphics card stand.





Step 8 | Complete the Installation

The installation is now complete.



When purchasing a graphics card vertical stand kit, it is important to pay attention to factors such as the PCIe extension cable interface, cable length, and whether it is compatible with your case.

Guide to Choosing a Graphics Card Vertical Stand Kit

When shopping for a graphics card, after selecting the right one based on your budget and needs, you might find multiple models from the same manufacturer within the same tier. For example, MSI offers both the RTX 4060 Ti VENTUS and the RTX 4060 Ti GAMING X TRIO, both of which are part of the RTX 4060 Ti series, yet there is a $100 price difference. Why is this the case? It turns out that even within the same model, there are entry-level (sometimes called "base models") and flagship variants, which have some key differences.

| Differences Between Entry-Level and Flagship Graphics Cards |

 The design is usually more understated and minimalistic, typically without RGB lighting effects.

The design tends to be more stylish and is often equipped with RGB lighting that can be customized via software.

These cards use more basic materials, which results in average cooling performance, keeping the cost lower.

 Higher-quality materials are used, and additional optimizations are made for better cooling, offering stronger thermal performance but at a higher price.

Due to the simpler cooling materials, the base clock speeds are generally lower to match the cooling capabilities.

 Flagship cards are optimized for cooling, allowing higher base clock speeds even if they generate more heat, without the risk of overheating.

| Graphics Card Tier Breakdown for the Three Major Manufacturers |

| Should I Choose an Entry-Level or Flagship Graphics Card? |

If you're on a tight budget and care about performance-to-price ratio, it's a good idea to go for an entry-level card from a higher-tier series. On the other hand, if you have a more generous budget and care about the aesthetics, you can go for a flagship model that suits your budget. You'll get great performance and a visually appealing design!





When shopping for a graphics card, after selecting the right one based on your budget and needs, you might find multiple models from the same manufacturer within the same tier. For example, MSI offers both the RTX 4060 Ti VENTUS and the RTX 4060 Ti GAMING X TRIO, both of which are part of the RTX 4060 Ti series, yet there is a $100 price difference. Why is this the case? It turns out that even within the same model, there are entry-level (sometimes called "base models") and flagship variants, which have some key differences.



| Differences Between Entry-Level and Flagship Graphics Cards |

Design

Entry-Level: The design is usually more understated and minimalistic, typically without RGB lighting effects.

Flagship: The design tends to be more stylish and is often equipped with RGB lighting that can be customized via software.







Cooling

Entry-Level: These cards use more basic materials, which results in average cooling performance, keeping the cost lower.

Flagship: Higher-quality materials are used, and additional optimizations are made for better cooling, offering stronger thermal performance but at a higher price.







Clock Speeds

Entry-Level: Due to the simpler cooling materials, the base clock speeds are generally lower to match the cooling capabilities.

Flagship: Flagship cards are optimized for cooling, allowing higher base clock speeds even if they generate more heat, without the risk of overheating.






| Graphics Card Tier Breakdown for the Three Major Manufacturers |





Flagship: ASUS ROG / Gigabyte AORUS / MSI SUPRIM



Upper Mid-Tier: ASUS TUF / Gigabyte Gaming and Eagle / MSI Gaming X Trio



Entry-Level: ASUS DUAL / Gigabyte WINDFORCE / MSI VENTUS





| Should I Choose an Entry-Level or Flagship Graphics Card? |

If you're on a tight budget and care about performance-to-price ratio, it's a good idea to go for an entry-level card from a higher-tier series. On the other hand, if you have a more generous budget and care about the aesthetics, you can go for a flagship model that suits your budget. You'll get great performance and a visually appealing design!





When it comes to graphics cards, aside from performance levels, there is often a noticeable difference between entry-level and flagship models within the same tier.

How to Distinguish Between Entry-Level and Flagship Graphics Cards

As a gamer, you may have come across recommendations online for AMD’s X3D series processors. Thanks to the use of AMD’s 3D V-Cache technology, these processors offer exceptional gaming performance. But what exactly is 3D V-Cache technology, and how can the X3D series benefit gamers?

3D V-Cache is an advanced 3D packaging technique that stacks cache memory directly on top of the CPU. This innovation helps alleviate cache memory bottlenecks. The main advantage is the increased cache capacity, which reduces performance losses caused by cache misses.

| Advantages of the X3D Series Processors |

The X3D processors feature larger cache memory, optimizing memory access during gaming and resulting in higher frame rates.

To balance heat dissipation, the base frequency of X3D processors is slightly lower than that of their standard counterparts in the same generation.

↑ The X3D series CPUs can deliver higher gaming frame rates.(From 

| Who Should Consider Purchasing X3D Series Processors? |

Given the larger cache memory capacity of the X3D processors, they are primarily beneficial for gamers. However, they don’t offer significant advantages for productivity tasks or content creators. If your PC needs are focused on productivity or content creation, the X3D series may not be the best choice.

| The New Ryzen 7 9800X3D Improves on the Zen3 and Zen4 Weaknesses |

Earlier Zen3 and Zen4 X3D processors stacked the cache memory on top of the CPU core, leading to inefficient heat dissipation. This design prevented the CPU core from directly contacting the top cover, which caused cooling issues. The new Ryzen 7 9800X3D has swapped the positions of the CPU core and cache memory, allowing the core to directly contact the top cover. This change not only solves the heat buildup problem but also allows the X3D series to achieve higher processor clock speeds.

Check out the Ryzen 7 9800X3D Introduction Video





As a gamer, you may have come across recommendations online for AMD’s X3D series processors. Thanks to the use of AMD’s 3D V-Cache technology, these processors offer exceptional gaming performance. But what exactly is 3D V-Cache technology, and how can the X3D series benefit gamers?



| What is 3D V-Cache Technology? |

3D V-Cache is an advanced 3D packaging technique that stacks cache memory directly on top of the CPU. This innovation helps alleviate cache memory bottlenecks. The main advantage is the increased cache capacity, which reduces performance losses caused by cache misses.





↑ Image Credit: Geek Bay



| Advantages of the X3D Series Processors |

1.Gaming Performance: 

The X3D processors feature larger cache memory, optimizing memory access during gaming and resulting in higher frame rates.



2.Lower Power Consumption: 

To balance heat dissipation, the base frequency of X3D processors is slightly lower than that of their standard counterparts in the same generation.





↑ The X3D series CPUs can deliver higher gaming frame rates.(From Geek Bay YT)



| Who Should Consider Purchasing X3D Series Processors? |

Given the larger cache memory capacity of the X3D processors, they are primarily beneficial for gamers. However, they don’t offer significant advantages for productivity tasks or content creators. If your PC needs are focused on productivity or content creation, the X3D series may not be the best choice.



| X3D vs. Non-X3D Series Processors |





| The New Ryzen 7 9800X3D Improves on the Zen3 and Zen4 Weaknesses |

Earlier Zen3 and Zen4 X3D processors stacked the cache memory on top of the CPU core, leading to inefficient heat dissipation. This design prevented the CPU core from directly contacting the top cover, which caused cooling issues. The new Ryzen 7 9800X3D has swapped the positions of the CPU core and cache memory, allowing the core to directly contact the top cover. This change not only solves the heat buildup problem but also allows the X3D series to achieve higher processor clock speeds.







Check out the Ryzen 7 9800X3D Introduction Video



The AMD X3D series processors use advanced packaging technology to stack cache memory, improving CPU performance, especially in gaming scenarios.

What Sets AMD X3D Processors Apart from Regular CPUs?

RAM (Random Access Memory) is used to temporarily store data that is actively being used by applications and files. This allows the processor to access the data quickly, improving the overall performance of your computer.

For gamers and content creators, the size and performance of the RAM directly affect multitasking capabilities. Larger RAM capacity allows for better multitasking. For example, gamers with more RAM can not only play games but also open multiple browser tabs, check guides, or watch other players’ videos without affecting game performance.

| Key Factors to Consider When Choosing RAM |

The main difference between DDR4 and DDR5 is the transfer speed. DDR5 provides faster transfer rates and lower power consumption, allowing the memory to operate with more efficiency and speed.

Most RAM modules in the market start at 8GB. The amount of RAM you need depends on your usage habits:

The memory frequency determines the speed at which the RAM operates, usually measured in MHz (megahertz). The higher the frequency, the faster the data transfer rate. According to 

’s tests, higher memory frequency can improve gaming performance by up to 10%, although it has little effect on everyday tasks such as document editing.

CAS Latency, abbreviated as CL, refers to the delay time it takes for the RAM to access data. A lower CL value indicates faster access times and quicker responses. However, higher memory frequencies often come with higher CL values. The ideal setup is a high frequency paired with a low CL value, but this combination typically comes at a higher price.

Memory Cycle Time (ms) = 1000 ÷ (Frequency ÷ 2)

Latency = CL value × Memory Cycle Time (ms)

Kingston DDR5-5600 / CL36: Latency ≈ 12.86 ms

Micron DDR5-5600 / CL46: Latency ≈ 16.42 ms

When purchasing RAM, ensure that the motherboard supports the type of memory you’re buying—DDR4 or DDR5. A motherboard that supports DDR4 cannot use DDR5 RAM, and vice versa.

Typically, memory should be installed in the second and fourth slots on the motherboard to ensure optimal performance and stability. Refer to the motherboard’s manual for installation instructions.

Installing two RAM modules instead of one allows for dual-channel memory configuration. This improves data transfer speeds by enabling simultaneous access to both modules, doubling the memory bandwidth compared to single-channel setups.

When choosing RAM, balance performance, compatibility, and price to meet both your needs and budget. Selecting the right RAM can significantly improve your system's performance, especially for gaming and content creation tasks.







| What is RAM and Why is it Important? |

RAM (Random Access Memory) is used to temporarily store data that is actively being used by applications and files. This allows the processor to access the data quickly, improving the overall performance of your computer.



For gamers and content creators, the size and performance of the RAM directly affect multitasking capabilities. Larger RAM capacity allows for better multitasking. For example, gamers with more RAM can not only play games but also open multiple browser tabs, check guides, or watch other players’ videos without affecting game performance.







| Key Factors to Consider When Choosing RAM |

DDR4 or DDR5?

The main difference between DDR4 and DDR5 is the transfer speed. DDR5 provides faster transfer rates and lower power consumption, allowing the memory to operate with more efficiency and speed.







Memory Capacity

Most RAM modules in the market start at 8GB. The amount of RAM you need depends on your usage habits:





For light tasks like word processing, 8GB of RAM is sufficient.



For gaming, it’s recommended to have at least 16GB.



For PC builds dedicated to AI or professional tasks, Microsoft recommends a minimum of 16GB of RAM.







Memory Frequency

The memory frequency determines the speed at which the RAM operates, usually measured in MHz (megahertz). The higher the frequency, the faster the data transfer rate. According to XFastest’s tests, higher memory frequency can improve gaming performance by up to 10%, although it has little effect on everyday tasks such as document editing.



↑ From XFastest



CAS Latency (CL)

CAS Latency, abbreviated as CL, refers to the delay time it takes for the RAM to access data. A lower CL value indicates faster access times and quicker responses. However, higher memory frequencies often come with higher CL values. The ideal setup is a high frequency paired with a low CL value, but this combination typically comes at a higher price.



Latency Calculation Formula:

Memory Cycle Time (ms) = 1000 ÷ (Frequency ÷ 2)

Latency = CL value × Memory Cycle Time (ms)



For example:

Kingston DDR5-5600 / CL36: Latency ≈ 12.86 ms

Micron DDR5-5600 / CL46: Latency ≈ 16.42 ms



| RAM Installation Tips |

Motherboard Compatibility

When purchasing RAM, ensure that the motherboard supports the type of memory you’re buying—DDR4 or DDR5. A motherboard that supports DDR4 cannot use DDR5 RAM, and vice versa.







Choosing RAM Slots

Typically, memory should be installed in the second and fourth slots on the motherboard to ensure optimal performance and stability. Refer to the motherboard’s manual for installation instructions.







Should You Use One or Two 32GB Modules?

Installing two RAM modules instead of one allows for dual-channel memory configuration. This improves data transfer speeds by enabling simultaneous access to both modules, doubling the memory bandwidth compared to single-channel setups.







When choosing RAM, balance performance, compatibility, and price to meet both your needs and budget. Selecting the right RAM can significantly improve your system's performance, especially for gaming and content creation tasks.

When selecting RAM, it’s important to consider several factors such as motherboard compatibility, capacity, frequency, and latency to ensure you make the right choice based on your needs.

A Quick Guide to Choosing the RAM for Your PC

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Our goal is to create products that could extremely exert its effect by every user.