How to Guide                                                    

The two major GPU manufacturers both released their next-generation graphics cards in 2025, along with their latest AI-based image upscaling technologies — 

 are advanced AI-based image upscaling technologies designed to boost gaming performance while preserving visual quality.

These technologies allow games to be rendered at a lower resolution internally and then upscaled to higher resolutions using artificial intelligence. The result is higher frame rates and smoother gameplay — without significantly sacrificing image clarity.

FSR 4 is AMD’s first version to adopt machine learning techniques, likely using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to enhance image quality.

It upscales lower-resolution frames to higher resolutions and can generate intermediate frames to increase frame rate.

Unlike DLSS 4, FSR 4 does not yet support Multi-Frame Generation (MFG), which means it doesn’t create entirely new frames between existing ones. This makes FSR 4 closer in capability to DLSS 3.

Offers multiple quality presets — Performance, Balanced, and Quality — to give users control over performance vs. image clarity.

, with AMD aiming to reach over 75 supported titles by the end of 2025.

DLSS 4 uses NVIDIA’s advanced deep learning model, powered by Tensor Cores, which are dedicated AI processing units on RTX 50 series GPUs.

One of DLSS 4’s biggest strengths is its ability to generate entirely new frames, dramatically increasing FPS without overloading the GPU.

DLSS 4 works with NVIDIA Reflex to reduce latency, keeping gameplay responsive even at high frame rates.

, making it more broadly available than FSR 4.

As FSR continues to evolve and potentially adds multi-frame generation in future updates, the gap between AMD and NVIDIA is narrowing — making this an exciting time for PC gamers and developers alike.





The two major GPU manufacturers both released their next-generation graphics cards in 2025, along with their latest AI-based image upscaling technologies — FSR 4 and DLSS 4.



FSR 4 (FidelityFX Super Resolution 4) by AMD and DLSS 4 (Deep Learning Super Sampling 4) by NVIDIA are advanced AI-based image upscaling technologies designed to boost gaming performance while preserving visual quality.







These technologies allow games to be rendered at a lower resolution internally and then upscaled to higher resolutions using artificial intelligence. The result is higher frame rates and smoother gameplay — without significantly sacrificing image clarity.



FSR 4 – AMD’s Approach







Machine Learning Upgrade

FSR 4 is AMD’s first version to adopt machine learning techniques, likely using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to enhance image quality.



Upscaling + Frame Interpolation

It upscales lower-resolution frames to higher resolutions and can generate intermediate frames to increase frame rate.



No Multi-Frame Generation (Yet)

Unlike DLSS 4, FSR 4 does not yet support Multi-Frame Generation (MFG), which means it doesn’t create entirely new frames between existing ones. This makes FSR 4 closer in capability to DLSS 3.



Modes

Offers multiple quality presets — Performance, Balanced, and Quality — to give users control over performance vs. image clarity.



Hardware Support

Currently limited to AMD’s Radeon RX 9000 series.



Game Support

Works only with games that support FSR 3.1, with AMD aiming to reach over 75 supported titles by the end of 2025.



DLSS 4 – NVIDIA’s Latest Evolution







Deep Learning Core

DLSS 4 uses NVIDIA’s advanced deep learning model, powered by Tensor Cores, which are dedicated AI processing units on RTX 50 series GPUs.



Multi-Frame Generation

One of DLSS 4’s biggest strengths is its ability to generate entirely new frames, dramatically increasing FPS without overloading the GPU.



Reflex Integration

DLSS 4 works with NVIDIA Reflex to reduce latency, keeping gameplay responsive even at high frame rates.



Wider Adoption

Already supported by over 100 games, making it more broadly available than FSR 4.



Key Differences at a Glance

As FSR continues to evolve and potentially adds multi-frame generation in future updates, the gap between AMD and NVIDIA is narrowing — making this an exciting time for PC gamers and developers alike.





AI-based image upscaling technologies developed by AMD and NVIDIA to improve gaming performance while maintaining image quality close to native resolution.

FSR 4 vs. DLSS 4 - AI-based Image Upscaling Technology

When shopping for a graphics card, after selecting the right one based on your budget and needs, you might find multiple models from the same manufacturer within the same tier. For example, MSI offers both the RTX 4060 Ti VENTUS and the RTX 4060 Ti GAMING X TRIO, both of which are part of the RTX 4060 Ti series, yet there is a $100 price difference. Why is this the case? It turns out that even within the same model, there are entry-level (sometimes called "base models") and flagship variants, which have some key differences.

| Differences Between Entry-Level and Flagship Graphics Cards |

 The design is usually more understated and minimalistic, typically without RGB lighting effects.

The design tends to be more stylish and is often equipped with RGB lighting that can be customized via software.

These cards use more basic materials, which results in average cooling performance, keeping the cost lower.

 Higher-quality materials are used, and additional optimizations are made for better cooling, offering stronger thermal performance but at a higher price.

Due to the simpler cooling materials, the base clock speeds are generally lower to match the cooling capabilities.

 Flagship cards are optimized for cooling, allowing higher base clock speeds even if they generate more heat, without the risk of overheating.

| Graphics Card Tier Breakdown for the Three Major Manufacturers |

| Should I Choose an Entry-Level or Flagship Graphics Card? |

If you're on a tight budget and care about performance-to-price ratio, it's a good idea to go for an entry-level card from a higher-tier series. On the other hand, if you have a more generous budget and care about the aesthetics, you can go for a flagship model that suits your budget. You'll get great performance and a visually appealing design!





When shopping for a graphics card, after selecting the right one based on your budget and needs, you might find multiple models from the same manufacturer within the same tier. For example, MSI offers both the RTX 4060 Ti VENTUS and the RTX 4060 Ti GAMING X TRIO, both of which are part of the RTX 4060 Ti series, yet there is a $100 price difference. Why is this the case? It turns out that even within the same model, there are entry-level (sometimes called "base models") and flagship variants, which have some key differences.



| Differences Between Entry-Level and Flagship Graphics Cards |

Design

Entry-Level: The design is usually more understated and minimalistic, typically without RGB lighting effects.

Flagship: The design tends to be more stylish and is often equipped with RGB lighting that can be customized via software.







Cooling

Entry-Level: These cards use more basic materials, which results in average cooling performance, keeping the cost lower.

Flagship: Higher-quality materials are used, and additional optimizations are made for better cooling, offering stronger thermal performance but at a higher price.







Clock Speeds

Entry-Level: Due to the simpler cooling materials, the base clock speeds are generally lower to match the cooling capabilities.

Flagship: Flagship cards are optimized for cooling, allowing higher base clock speeds even if they generate more heat, without the risk of overheating.



| Graphics Card Tier Breakdown for the Three Major Manufacturers |





Flagship: ASUS ROG / Gigabyte AORUS / MSI SUPRIM



Upper Mid-Tier: ASUS TUF / Gigabyte Gaming and Eagle / MSI Gaming X Trio



Entry-Level: ASUS DUAL / Gigabyte WINDFORCE / MSI VENTUS



| Should I Choose an Entry-Level or Flagship Graphics Card? |

If you're on a tight budget and care about performance-to-price ratio, it's a good idea to go for an entry-level card from a higher-tier series. On the other hand, if you have a more generous budget and care about the aesthetics, you can go for a flagship model that suits your budget. You'll get great performance and a visually appealing design!





When it comes to graphics cards, aside from performance levels, there is often a noticeable difference between entry-level and flagship models within the same tier.

How to Distinguish Between Entry-Level and Flagship Graphics Cards

When manufacturers produce keyboards, the mainstream keycap production methods currently include laser engraving, dye-sublimation, and double-shot molding. So, what are the differences between them?

 Uses a laser to etch onto the surface of pre-made keycaps.

 Budget keyboards, office membrane keyboards

 Uses high heat to vaporize dye, which then penetrates the PBT keycap material.

 Mid-range keyboards, PBT keycap keyboards

 Commonly known as molded keycaps, where two types of plastic are injected together to form a single piece. The legend is a separate colored plastic, not printed or engraved.

 High-end keyboards, backlit gaming keyboards

Affordable Double-Shot Keyboards – GD Series Mechanical Keyboards

 mechanical keyboards from darkFlash offer top-tier PBT material and premium double-shot molded keycaps. Who says a budget-friendly keyboard can’t also be durable? On top of that, the GD Series features both 2.4G wireless and wired connections. One keyboard is all you need for both work and play.





When manufacturers produce keyboards, the mainstream keycap production methods currently include laser engraving, dye-sublimation, and double-shot molding. So, what are the differences between them?



Production Method｜Laser Engraving

Process: Uses a laser to etch onto the surface of pre-made keycaps.

Pros of Laser Engraving:





Lower price point and shorter production time



Low technical barrier; users can pay extra to have laser engraving added after purchase

Cons of Laser Engraving:





Legends may fade after extended use



Engraved areas can feel rough to the touch



Light-colored symbols make it harder to use in low-light conditions

Typical Usage: Budget keyboards, office membrane keyboards







Production Method｜Dye-Sublimation

Process: Uses high heat to vaporize dye, which then penetrates the PBT keycap material.

Pros of Dye-Sublimation





Finer and more delicate font appearance



Mainly used with PBT keycaps, which retain their durability, resistance to wear, and oil resistance

Cons of Dye-Sublimation





Cannot be used for transparent keycaps



Less effective on dark-colored keycaps

Typical Usage: Mid-range keyboards, PBT keycap keyboards







Production Method｜Double-Shot Molding

Process: Commonly known as molded keycaps, where two types of plastic are injected together to form a single piece. The legend is a separate colored plastic, not printed or engraved.

Pros of Double-Shot Molding





Legends don’t wear off over time



Best color and backlight compatibility



Premium production method that results in precise and durable keycaps

Cons of Double-Shot Molding





Requires custom molds, which increases development cost



Higher product price

Typical Usage: High-end keyboards, backlit gaming keyboards







Affordable Double-Shot Keyboards – GD Series Mechanical Keyboards



The GD Series mechanical keyboards from darkFlash offer top-tier PBT material and premium double-shot molded keycaps. Who says a budget-friendly keyboard can’t also be durable? On top of that, the GD Series features both 2.4G wireless and wired connections. One keyboard is all you need for both work and play.





Keycap manufacturing processes are generally divided into three types: laser engraving, dye sublimation, and double-shot molding.

Keycap Craftsmanship Revealed: Laser Engraving, Dye Sublimation, and Double-Shot Molding

Your PC works hard—whether it’s powering through work tasks, running games, or keeping you connected. But while we rely on our computers every day, cleaning and maintaining them is often overlooked. 

One of the biggest hidden threats? Dust. It builds up over time and can seriously impact performance and even damage your hardware. Let’s break down why regular cleaning is important, how often you should do it, and the best way to safely clean your PC.

Dust might not seem like a big deal, but inside your PC, it’s a different story. Dust buildup can block airflow, causing your system to overheat. When that happens, your CPU and GPU may throttle their performance to stay safe—meaning slower speeds for you. In extreme cases, it can even damage parts permanently.

Performance Drops, Hardware Risk, and a Shorter Lifespan

When fans and vents get clogged with dust, cooling becomes much less efficient. That means higher temperatures, louder fan noise, and increased wear on components. Plus, dust on the motherboard, graphics card, or RAM can lead to static discharge, corrosion, or even short circuits.

Shut down your PC and switch off the power supply. Unplug everything before you open the case.

Most cases have dust filters on the front, top, or bottom. These are easy to remove—some slide out, others are magnetic. You can rinse them with water or wipe them with a damp cloth. Just make sure they’re completely dry before reinstalling.

Remove the side panel carefully. With your compressed air can held upright, blow short bursts of air to clear dust from top to bottom. Focus on fans, heat sinks, and vents.

Use a soft brush to get stubborn dust off fan blades and heatsinks. It helps to hold the fan blades in place while using compressed air so they don’t spin wildly.

5. Be Gentle with the Motherboard and RAM

These parts are delicate. Use short bursts of air only—don’t brush them directly.

A microfiber cloth is perfect for wiping your hard drives, SSDs, and any other visible areas. Use compressed air to clean the PSU vents too.

It depends on your environment and how heavily you use your computer, but here are some general guidelines:

Keeping your PC clean isn’t just about looks—it makes a real difference:





Your PC works hard—whether it’s powering through work tasks, running games, or keeping you connected. But while we rely on our computers every day, cleaning and maintaining them is often overlooked. 



One of the biggest hidden threats? Dust. It builds up over time and can seriously impact performance and even damage your hardware. Let’s break down why regular cleaning is important, how often you should do it, and the best way to safely clean your PC.



Why Dust Is Bad for Your PC

Dust might not seem like a big deal, but inside your PC, it’s a different story. Dust buildup can block airflow, causing your system to overheat. When that happens, your CPU and GPU may throttle their performance to stay safe—meaning slower speeds for you. In extreme cases, it can even damage parts permanently.







Performance Drops, Hardware Risk, and a Shorter Lifespan

When fans and vents get clogged with dust, cooling becomes much less efficient. That means higher temperatures, louder fan noise, and increased wear on components. Plus, dust on the motherboard, graphics card, or RAM can lead to static discharge, corrosion, or even short circuits.



What You’ll Need





Compressed Air – This is your go-to tool. It blows dust out of tight spots without you needing to touch anything.



Soft Brushes – Great for gently loosening dust in fans or corners.



Microfiber Cloths – Ideal for wiping off surfaces without scratching them.







Step-by-Step: How to Clean Your PC

1. Turn Everything Off

Shut down your PC and switch off the power supply. Unplug everything before you open the case.



2. Start with the Dust Filters

Most cases have dust filters on the front, top, or bottom. These are easy to remove—some slide out, others are magnetic. You can rinse them with water or wipe them with a damp cloth. Just make sure they’re completely dry before reinstalling.



3. Open the Case

Remove the side panel carefully. With your compressed air can held upright, blow short bursts of air to clear dust from top to bottom. Focus on fans, heat sinks, and vents.



4. Use Brushes and Cloths

Use a soft brush to get stubborn dust off fan blades and heatsinks. It helps to hold the fan blades in place while using compressed air so they don’t spin wildly.



5. Be Gentle with the Motherboard and RAM

These parts are delicate. Use short bursts of air only—don’t brush them directly.



6. Wipe Down Other Parts

A microfiber cloth is perfect for wiping your hard drives, SSDs, and any other visible areas. Use compressed air to clean the PSU vents too.





Bottom dust filters on DY470.



How Often Should You Clean Your PC?

It depends on your environment and how heavily you use your computer, but here are some general guidelines:







Every 3 to 6 Months is a good rule of thumb for most users.



If you have pets, smoke indoors, or live in a dusty area, aim for every 2 to 3 months.



If you’re a heavy gamer or use your PC for demanding tasks, clean it more often due to higher heat output.



For light users in clean environments, cleaning twice a year is usually fine.







Why It’s Worth It

Keeping your PC clean isn’t just about looks—it makes a real difference:





Better Performance – Lower temps mean your system can run faster and more efficiently.



Longer Lifespan – Less heat and dust stress mean your parts will last longer.



Quieter Operation – Clean fans don’t have to work as hard, which cuts down on noise.

A little maintenance goes a long way toward keeping your system running smoothly, quietly, and for years to come.

Keeping Your PC Clean: How and When to Do It

As an enthusiast of games and computer DIY in this age, we, darkFlash, feel proud and grateful for keep thinking how to develop impressive and extraordinary products with high-end facilities by assembling and using the PC cases, CPU coolers, case fans, and even gaming chairs and tables in person.

Our goal is to create products that could extremely exert its effect by every user.