Product Reviews                                                 

Cybenetics power supply efficiency certification is a performance rating standard introduced by Cybenetics Lab, an independent testing laboratory headquartered in Greece. This certification evaluates power supplies based on energy efficiency and noise levels. But how does it differ from the traditional 80 Plus certification?

| Efficiency Certification Levels (ETA) |

Cybenetics classifies efficiency into six levels, ranked from highest to lowest: Diamond, Titanium, Platinum, Gold, Silver, and Bronze.

The Cybenetics LAMBDA certification evaluates the noise levels of power supplies under different loads and categorizes them into A++, A+, A, A-, Standard++, Standard+, and Standard.

Cybenetics LAMBDA Noise Certification Ratings

One of the key differences between Cybenetics and 80 Plus certification is that Cybenetics includes noise testing. It categorizes power supplies based on noise levels at different loads, allowing consumers to choose a power supply with both high efficiency and low noise.

In contrast, 80 Plus certification only evaluates power conversion efficiency and does not measure noise levels.

 for Seasonic Vertex PX-1000 Power Supply

Another major advantage of Cybenetics certification is its transparent reporting. Cybenetics publishes detailed test reports, including efficiency performance, noise levels, and additional data.

In comparison, 80 Plus certification only provides efficiency ratings without detailed breakdowns.

This comprehensive analysis should help you better understand Cybenetics certification and how it compares to the traditional 80 Plus standard.





Cybenetics power supply efficiency certification is a performance rating standard introduced by Cybenetics Lab, an independent testing laboratory headquartered in Greece. This certification evaluates power supplies based on energy efficiency and noise levels. But how does it differ from the traditional 80 Plus certification?



| Efficiency Certification Levels (ETA) |

Cybenetics classifies efficiency into six levels, ranked from highest to lowest: Diamond, Titanium, Platinum, Gold, Silver, and Bronze.



Testing Conditions:





The test environment temperature is set at 30°C, which is closer to real-world PC operating temperatures.



Load testing covers 5% to 100% usage and considers different regional input voltages (115V & 230V), making it applicable to the global market.



Cybenetics ETA Efficiency Ratings





Diamond Certification: ≥ 93% total efficiency (115V) | ≥ 95% total efficiency (230V)



Titanium Certification: ≥ 91% & < 93% total efficiency (115V) | ≥ 93% & < 95% total efficiency (230V)



Platinum Certification: ≥ 89% & < 91% total efficiency (115V) | ≥ 91% & < 93% total efficiency (230V)



Gold Certification: ≥ 87% & < 89% total efficiency (115V) | ≥ 89% & < 91% total efficiency (230V)



Silver Certification: ≥ 85% & < 87% total efficiency (115V) | ≥ 87% & < 89% total efficiency (230V)



Bronze Certification: ≥ 82% & < 85% total efficiency (115V) | ≥ 84% & < 87% total efficiency (230V)



| Noise Certification Levels (LAMBDA) |

The Cybenetics LAMBDA certification evaluates the noise levels of power supplies under different loads and categorizes them into A++, A+, A, A-, Standard++, Standard+, and Standard.



Testing Conditions:





Conducted in a specialized silent lab, maintaining ambient noise levels below 6 dB.



Temperature and humidity are kept at 25°C and 50%, respectively.



Cybenetics LAMBDA Noise Certification Ratings





A++ Certification: < 15 dB(A)



A+ Certification: ≥ 15 dB(A) & < 20 dB(A)



A Certification: ≥ 20 dB(A) & < 25 dB(A)



A- Certification: ≥ 25 dB(A) & < 30 dB(A)



Standard++ Certification: ≥ 30 dB(A) & < 35 dB(A)



Standard+ Certification: ≥ 35 dB(A) & < 40 dB(A)



Standard Certification: ≥ 40 dB(A) & < 45 dB(A)





| Cybenetics vs. 80 Plus Certification |

Noise Rating System

One of the key differences between Cybenetics and 80 Plus certification is that Cybenetics includes noise testing. It categorizes power supplies based on noise levels at different loads, allowing consumers to choose a power supply with both high efficiency and low noise.



In contrast, 80 Plus certification only evaluates power conversion efficiency and does not measure noise levels.





↑Example: Cybenetics Report for Seasonic Vertex PX-1000 Power Supply



Transparent Test Data

Another major advantage of Cybenetics certification is its transparent reporting. Cybenetics publishes detailed test reports, including efficiency performance, noise levels, and additional data.



In comparison, 80 Plus certification only provides efficiency ratings without detailed breakdowns.





↑Efficiency Conversion Chart





↑Noise Performance Chart



This comprehensive analysis should help you better understand Cybenetics certification and how it compares to the traditional 80 Plus standard.

This article provides an in-depth breakdown of the Cybenetics certification, covering efficiency ratings and noise testing, helping you understand this new power supply certification system!

Must-Read Before Buying a Power Supply! Complete Analysis of Cybenetics Certification

제품 리뷰

이 글에서는 사이베네틱스 인증에 대한 심층 분석을 제공하며, 효율 등급 및 소음 테스트 등을 다루어 이 새로운 전원 공급 장치 인증 시스템을 이해하는 데 도움을 드립니다!

파워서플라이 구매 전 필독! 사이베네틱스 인증 완벽 분석

I was fortunate enough to be invited by darkFlash Taiwan to experience the debut of the back-insertion “sea-view” PC case. The first time I saw this case was at the 2024 Computex booth, where I learned that it features a back-insertion design, three large glass panels for maximum transparency, and an expansive layout—quite unique! When I received the invitation, I also had a set of ROG BTF components on hand, so I took up the challenge. While setting up the system, I hesitated a bit regarding cooling solutions. Almost all water cooling systems on the market still have tubing, and I felt that to achieve the perfect back-insertion aesthetic, something was still missing. Then I remembered that Bitspower, a leading local and international water cooling brand, had recently launched a back-insertion cooling head. After my excellent experience with their CR360 water cooler, I reached out to them, and they were kind enough to provide products for the build. So, let’s dive into this build experience!

Steel chassis, tempered glass front and side panels

 ATX / micro-ATX / mini-ITX / E-ATX (with GPU bracket removal)

The case packaging prominently displays the DY470 logo and design elements, with a very spacious box. The packaging is 

sturdy, justifying the size of the box, and you’ll find the accessory box embedded inside the packaging.

| Showcasing the Case from Different Angles |

The front cover features a sharp design with three intersecting glass panels that provide a sleek, premium feel. When the lights are off, the edges are defined, adding to its premium look. The top part of the case is made of transparent glass, which gives a more open visual feel when the system is powered on, offering excellent transparency.

The glass panels are secured with screws and feature a quick-release structure, making assembly and disassembly very intuitive.

The rear section reveals that the power supply is mounted vertically, and the fan mounts are designed specifically for 120mm fans.

The accessory box follows darkFlash's signature style, including the traditional glass cleaning cloth and standard screws. Additionally, the instruction manual is included, which is particularly useful since the three glass panels may require some extra attention during assembly. The steps for removing and installing the glass panels are more intricate, and the manual can be referenced to help guide you through the process.

| Lighting and Dark Environment Effects |

I never imagined that a computer with this kind of gaming "lazy" modeling would actually exist in real life. In recent years, this intriguing build concept has finally come to life, and I was amazed by how visually seamless and comfortable the experience is. I deeply respect the developers and designers behind this innovation. It’s an honor to add such a memorable unboxing to my assembly journey.





| Introduction |

I was fortunate enough to be invited by darkFlash Taiwan to experience the debut of the back-insertion “sea-view” PC case. The first time I saw this case was at the 2024 Computex booth, where I learned that it features a back-insertion design, three large glass panels for maximum transparency, and an expansive layout—quite unique! When I received the invitation, I also had a set of ROG BTF components on hand, so I took up the challenge. While setting up the system, I hesitated a bit regarding cooling solutions. Almost all water cooling systems on the market still have tubing, and I felt that to achieve the perfect back-insertion aesthetic, something was still missing. Then I remembered that Bitspower, a leading local and international water cooling brand, had recently launched a back-insertion cooling head. After my excellent experience with their CR360 water cooler, I reached out to them, and they were kind enough to provide products for the build. So, let’s dive into this build experience!







| Unboxing and Component Overview |







Official DY470 Case Specifications

Dimensions: 239 x 477 x 528 mm

Form Factor: Mid Tower

Material: Steel chassis, tempered glass front and side panels

Motherboard Support (Standard): ATX / micro-ATX / mini-ITX / E-ATX (with GPU bracket removal)

Motherboard Support (Back-Insertion): ATX

Front I/O:





1x USB 3.2 GEN 2 Type-C



2x USB 3.0



Power button



Reset button



Microphone + headphone combo

Case Wiring:





F-PANEL front panel Dupont wire set



Type-C connector



Audio input connector



USB 3.0 connector

Fan / Radiator Support:





Top: 3x 120mm (Supports 360mm Radiator)



Rear: 1x 120mm (Supports 120mm Radiator)



Bottom: 3x 120mm (Supports 360mm Radiator)



Side: 3x 120mm (Supports 360mm Radiator)

GPU Length Support:





Horizontal: 410mm



Vertical: 390mm

Cooler Height Support: 175mm



Hardware Configuration for This Build





CPU Processor: Intel i9-14900KS (removed later for exhibition purposes)



GPU Graphics Card: ASUS ROG Strix GeForce RTX 4090 24GB GDDR6X BTF OC



Motherboard: ASUS ROG MAXIMUS Z790 HERO BTF



RAM: Kingston FURY Renegade DDR5 7200MHz 16GB x2



Case: darkFlash DY470 Black



Fans: darkFlash DM12 / DM12R PRO PWM (4x Forward, 3x Reverse)



PSU: Corsair SF-L Series SF850L ATX 3.0 PCIe 5.0



Cooler: Bitspower Full Custom Water Cooling



| Case Unboxing | 







The case packaging prominently displays the DY470 logo and design elements, with a very spacious box. The packaging is 

sturdy, justifying the size of the box, and you’ll find the accessory box embedded inside the packaging.







| Showcasing the Case from Different Angles |











The front cover features a sharp design with three intersecting glass panels that provide a sleek, premium feel. When the lights are off, the edges are defined, adding to its premium look. The top part of the case is made of transparent glass, which gives a more open visual feel when the system is powered on, offering excellent transparency.







The glass panels are secured with screws and feature a quick-release structure, making assembly and disassembly very intuitive.







The rear section reveals that the power supply is mounted vertically, and the fan mounts are designed specifically for 120mm fans.







| Accessory Box Overview |











The accessory box follows darkFlash's signature style, including the traditional glass cleaning cloth and standard screws. Additionally, the instruction manual is included, which is particularly useful since the three glass panels may require some extra attention during assembly. The steps for removing and installing the glass panels are more intricate, and the manual can be referenced to help guide you through the process.



| Lighting and Dark Environment Effects |


























| Conclusion |

I never imagined that a computer with this kind of gaming "lazy" modeling would actually exist in real life. In recent years, this intriguing build concept has finally come to life, and I was amazed by how visually seamless and comfortable the experience is. I deeply respect the developers and designers behind this innovation. It’s an honor to add such a memorable unboxing to my assembly journey.



Article sourced from: MSC Studio

The brand-new DY470 case is unboxed, showcasing its compatibility with the ROG BTF series motherboard, graphics card, and Bitspower back-insertion water cooling setup.

Unboxing the 330° Ultra-Wide Angle Back-Insertion DarkFlash DY470 ATX PC Case

새로운 DY470 케이스가 개봉되어 ROG BTF 시리즈 마더보드, 그래픽 카드 및 Bitspower 후면 삽입형 수랭 쿨링 시스템과의 호환성을 보여줍니다.

330° 초광각 후면 장착형 DarkFlash DY470 ATX PC 케이스 언박싱

The DNS IcePeak LCD Water Cooler is the first liquid cooler from darkFlash to feature a built-in display. This screen not only allows you to monitor the system’s hardware status but also offers the ability to customize the display using darkFlash’s proprietary software. In this guide, we will walk you through how to use the darkFlash DNS Water Cooler software.

Synchronizing the Software with the LCD Display

The DNS software allows you to monitor various system metrics including CPU information, GPU stats, and water cooling status. It provides an easy-to-read interface for checking these parameters in real-time.

The DNS Water Cooler offers four customization features for the LCD display:

In addition to customizing the text content, you can adjust the font type, size, position, and color for each display option.

Click the “Customize” button at the bottom of the software, then select “New Theme.”

Use the “Path Selection” option to choose and upload your custom GIF, PNG, or JPG files.

Select the uploaded image and click "Save."

Go back to the “Theme Preview” section, and select your custom theme from the list to apply it.

By following this DNS water cooler software guide, DIY players using the screen-equipped cooler for the first time will be able to quickly get up to speed and enjoy the customizable features available.





The DNS IcePeak LCD Water Cooler is the first liquid cooler from darkFlash to feature a built-in display. This screen not only allows you to monitor the system’s hardware status but also offers the ability to customize the display using darkFlash’s proprietary software. In this guide, we will walk you through how to use the darkFlash DNS Water Cooler software.



How to Download the DNS Driver Software





Visit the product page for the DNS IcePeak Water Cooler.



Click on the "Drivers" link at the top right of the page.



Under the "Download" section, click the "DNS IcePeak Driver" link to download the software.





Synchronizing the Software with the LCD Display





After installation, open the software and click "Connect and Start Using."



The software will begin syncing with the LCD screen on the water cooler.



Note: If the cooler is not detected, please restart your computer or unplug and re-plug the USB cable connection.





Software Interface Overview

The DNS software allows you to monitor various system metrics including CPU information, GPU stats, and water cooling status. It provides an easy-to-read interface for checking these parameters in real-time.



Customization Features

The DNS Water Cooler offers four customization features for the LCD display:





Text



Data



Status Bar



Arc Bar

In addition to customizing the text content, you can adjust the font type, size, position, and color for each display option.



Text Display Example ↓





Data Display Example ↓





Status Bar Example ↓





Arc Bar Example ↓





How to Customize Your LCD Display

Step 1: Create a New Theme

Click the “Customize” button at the bottom of the software, then select “New Theme.”



Step 2: Upload Custom Images

Click on “Background Settings.”

Use the “Path Selection” option to choose and upload your custom GIF, PNG, or JPG files.



Step 3: Save the Image

Select the uploaded image and click "Save."



Step 4: Apply the Theme

Go back to the “Theme Preview” section, and select your custom theme from the list to apply it.



By following this DNS water cooler software guide, DIY players using the screen-equipped cooler for the first time will be able to quickly get up to speed and enjoy the customizable features available.

This tutorial will help first-time DIY players quickly get started with the DNS IcePeak LCD Water Cooler and its software.

DNS LCD Water Cooler Software Guide

이 튜토리얼은 DIY에 처음 도전하는 사람들이 DNS IcePeak LCD 수냉식 쿨러와 해당 소프트웨어를 빠르게 시작하는 데 도움이 될 것입니다.

DNS LCD 정수기 소프트웨어 가이드

PCIe, short for PCI Express, is a widely used bus standard on computer motherboards. It serves as a high-speed interface for connecting various computer hardware components, providing efficient and stable data transfer. PCIe is primarily used to connect devices like graphics cards, SSDs, network cards, and capture cards, among others.

PCIe uses a point-to-point serial connection, meaning each device connected to a PCIe slot has its own dedicated data transfer channel. This allows for significantly faster data transfer rates compared to older standards. PCIe slots come in different versions (e.g., PCIe 3.0, PCIe 4.0, PCIe 5.0), with each new generation offering almost double the data transfer speed of the previous one.

PCIe slots come in various lengths and lane configurations, including x1, x4, x8, and x16. The number after the "x" indicates the number of data lanes the slot has, which can be thought of as lanes on a highway. For example, an x16 slot offers 16 data lanes, allowing for higher throughput compared to smaller slots like x1, which only has one data lane.

PCIe is backward compatible, meaning a PCIe 4.0 device can be used in a PCIe 3.0 slot, but the device will be limited to the slower transfer speed of PCIe 3.0.

| PCIe Usage and Recommended Slot Types |

| Important Considerations When Using PCIe |

When choosing expansion devices, ensure that the bandwidth of the device matches the slot's bandwidth. Low-bandwidth slots will limit the performance of high-bandwidth devices.

Ensure that the physical size of the PCIe card is compatible with the motherboard slot. For example, an x1 card can be installed in a x16 slot, but an x16 card cannot be installed in a x1 slot.

Most motherboards have a slot priority system, meaning some slots are more suitable for high-priority devices like GPUs. To get the best performance, it is recommended to install critical components in slots closer to the CPU, as these slots often offer the best bandwidth and lowest latency.

PCIe slots are critical for expanding and enhancing the functionality of your computer. By understanding the different types of PCIe slots and their recommended uses, you can optimize your system's performance and expand its capabilities to meet your needs. Whether you're upgrading your graphics card, installing an SSD, or adding a network card, choosing the right PCIe slot is essential for maximizing the potential of your hardware.





| What is PCIe? |

PCIe, short for PCI Express, is a widely used bus standard on computer motherboards. It serves as a high-speed interface for connecting various computer hardware components, providing efficient and stable data transfer. PCIe is primarily used to connect devices like graphics cards, SSDs, network cards, and capture cards, among others.



| Key Features of PCIe |

High-Speed Data Transfer

PCIe uses a point-to-point serial connection, meaning each device connected to a PCIe slot has its own dedicated data transfer channel. This allows for significantly faster data transfer rates compared to older standards. PCIe slots come in different versions (e.g., PCIe 3.0, PCIe 4.0, PCIe 5.0), with each new generation offering almost double the data transfer speed of the previous one.



Different Slot Sizes

PCIe slots come in various lengths and lane configurations, including x1, x4, x8, and x16. The number after the "x" indicates the number of data lanes the slot has, which can be thought of as lanes on a highway. For example, an x16 slot offers 16 data lanes, allowing for higher throughput compared to smaller slots like x1, which only has one data lane.



Backward Compatibility

PCIe is backward compatible, meaning a PCIe 4.0 device can be used in a PCIe 3.0 slot, but the device will be limited to the slower transfer speed of PCIe 3.0.



| PCIe Usage and Recommended Slot Types |



Graphics Card (GPU)





Recommended Slot: PCIe x16



Reason: Graphics cards require the highest bandwidth to handle demanding graphical computations. Therefore, they are typically installed in x16 slots, which provide the best data transfer rates to ensure optimal GPU performance.



Solid-State Drive (SSD)





Recommended Slot: PCIe x4



Reason: SSDs are usually installed in M.2 slots on the motherboard. However, if the motherboard lacks enough M.2 slots, an M.2 PCIe expansion card can be installed in a PCIe x4 slot to fully unleash the SSD's performance.



Network Card (NIC)





Recommended Slot: PCIe x1 or PCIe x4



Reason: While many network cards use USB for hot-swapping, a PCIe network card is typically chosen for more stable and reliable network connections. An x1 slot is sufficient for most network cards, but for higher-speed NICs, a PCIe x4 slot is recommended for improved stability.



Capture Card





Recommended Slot: PCIe x4 or x8



Reason: Capture cards are essential for streamers and content creators, as they handle high-bandwidth video data. To ensure smooth performance, capture cards usually require a PCIe x4 or x8 slot to provide enough bandwidth for high-quality video streaming.



| Important Considerations When Using PCIe |

Bandwidth Compatibility

When choosing expansion devices, ensure that the bandwidth of the device matches the slot's bandwidth. Low-bandwidth slots will limit the performance of high-bandwidth devices.



Physical Compatibility

Ensure that the physical size of the PCIe card is compatible with the motherboard slot. For example, an x1 card can be installed in a x16 slot, but an x16 card cannot be installed in a x1 slot.



Slot Priority

Most motherboards have a slot priority system, meaning some slots are more suitable for high-priority devices like GPUs. To get the best performance, it is recommended to install critical components in slots closer to the CPU, as these slots often offer the best bandwidth and lowest latency.



PCIe slots are critical for expanding and enhancing the functionality of your computer. By understanding the different types of PCIe slots and their recommended uses, you can optimize your system's performance and expand its capabilities to meet your needs. Whether you're upgrading your graphics card, installing an SSD, or adding a network card, choosing the right PCIe slot is essential for maximizing the potential of your hardware.

PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) slots are one of the key expansion slots on a motherboard. Understanding the characteristics of PCIe slots and how to use them effectively can help maximize the performance of your expansion devices.

What is PCIe on a Motherboard?

PCIe(Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) 슬롯은 마더보드의 핵심 확장 슬롯 중 하나입니다. PCIe 슬롯의 특징과 효과적인 사용 방법을 이해하면 확장 장치의 성능을 극대화할 수 있습니다.

메인보드에서 PCIe란 무엇인가요?

, is a technology standard for connecting computers to external devices. As data transfer speeds have increased over time, newer versions like USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 have emerged. There are also different connector types such as USB Type-A, Type-B, and the latest USB Type-C, which is oval-shaped and reversible. USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 Type-A connectors are standard on most cases and motherboards. But how can you tell them apart? Let’s break down the key differences:

The connector has 4 pins arranged in a single row.

Ports are usually blue, which helps differentiate them from USB 2.0 ports.

The connector has 9 pins in two rows—5 on the top row and 4 on the bottom row. This physical distinction makes it easy to identify USB 3.0 ports.

The standard Type-A connector is square-shaped.

Backward Compatibility: You can plug a USB 3.0 device into a USB 2.0 port, but the transfer speed will be limited to USB 2.0’s slower speeds.

Also uses the Type-A connector, which looks identical to USB 2.0's Type-A.

Backward Compatibility: USB 3.0 ports are backward compatible with USB 2.0 devices, but the data transfer speed will be capped at USB 2.0 rates.

Supports one-way data transfer at a time, meaning it can only send or receive data, but not both simultaneously.

Supports dual channels for data transfer.

Capable of bi-directional data transfer, meaning it can send and receive data at the same time, significantly improving overall transfer efficiency.

USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 are two distinct data transfer standards, with the main difference being the data transfer speed. USB 3.0 offers a much faster transfer rate, making it ideal for devices that require quick data handling, such as external storage devices. When purchasing a computer case, it’s important to consider the USB I/O ports, as they will directly impact your experience with peripheral devices.





USB, which stands for Universal Serial Bus, is a technology standard for connecting computers to external devices. As data transfer speeds have increased over time, newer versions like USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 have emerged. There are also different connector types such as USB Type-A, Type-B, and the latest USB Type-C, which is oval-shaped and reversible. USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 Type-A connectors are standard on most cases and motherboards. But how can you tell them apart? Let’s break down the key differences:



1. Data Transfer Speed

USB 2.0





Maximum Transfer Speed: 480 Mbps (60 MB/s)



Ideal Use: Connecting devices like mice and keyboards for everyday tasks. USB 2.0 is suitable for low-speed peripherals that don’t require high data transfer rates.



USB 3.0





Maximum Transfer Speed: 5 Gbps (625 MB/s), roughly 10 times faster than USB 2.0.



Ideal Use: High-speed data transfers such as external drives, flash drives, and other storage devices. USB 3.0 is perfect for situations where large amounts of data need to be transferred quickly.



2. Port Color

USB 2.0:

Ports are typically black or white.

The connector has 4 pins arranged in a single row.



USB 3.0:

Ports are usually blue, which helps differentiate them from USB 2.0 ports.

The connector has 9 pins in two rows—5 on the top row and 4 on the bottom row. This physical distinction makes it easy to identify USB 3.0 ports.







3. Connector Style and Compatibility

USB 2.0:

The standard Type-A connector is square-shaped.

Backward Compatibility: You can plug a USB 3.0 device into a USB 2.0 port, but the transfer speed will be limited to USB 2.0’s slower speeds.



USB 3.0:

Also uses the Type-A connector, which looks identical to USB 2.0's Type-A.

Backward Compatibility: USB 3.0 ports are backward compatible with USB 2.0 devices, but the data transfer speed will be capped at USB 2.0 rates.



4. Data Transfer Channels

USB 2.0:

Uses a single channel for data transfer.

Supports one-way data transfer at a time, meaning it can only send or receive data, but not both simultaneously.



USB 3.0:

Supports dual channels for data transfer.

Capable of bi-directional data transfer, meaning it can send and receive data at the same time, significantly improving overall transfer efficiency.



Conclusion

USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 are two distinct data transfer standards, with the main difference being the data transfer speed. USB 3.0 offers a much faster transfer rate, making it ideal for devices that require quick data handling, such as external storage devices. When purchasing a computer case, it’s important to consider the USB I/O ports, as they will directly impact your experience with peripheral devices.

USB 3.0 and USB 2.0 are two of the most commonly used USB interfaces, with the primary distinction being data transfer speed. Using a slower interface can result in slower data transfer rates, which may affect your overall experience.

Differences Between USB 3.0 and USB 2.0 Ports on Computer Cases

USB 3.0과 USB 2.0은 가장 널리 사용되는 USB 인터페이스 두 가지이며, 주요 차이점은 데이터 전송 속도입니다. 속도가 느린 인터페이스를 사용하면 데이터 전송 속도가 느려져 전반적인 사용 경험에 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다.

컴퓨터 케이스의 USB 3.0 포트와 USB 2.0 포트의 차이점

After discussing the principles of air coolers, let's dive into another popular cooling option: water coolers. As a more advanced solution for PC DIY enthusiasts, AIO water coolers are currently one of the most effective processor coolers available that most PC builders can afford. But what are the pros and cons of AIO water coolers?

AIO water coolers leverage the high thermal conductivity of liquids to transfer heat from the processor quickly to the radiator, resulting in superior cooling performance. This makes them one of the most efficient solutions for keeping your processor cool, especially under heavy loads.

Unlike air coolers, which require bulky heatsinks and fans to be installed directly onto the processor, AIO water coolers use a closed-loop system with tubes that transfer heat to an external radiator. This means the cooling head (the part that contacts the CPU) can be smaller and more compact, allowing for a cleaner, less cluttered internal setup. This design also helps avoid blocking access to components like RAM or the motherboard, giving you more flexibility in choosing and installing other components.

One of the standout advantages of an AIO cooler is that the radiator fan pushes hot air outside the case, rather than circulating it within the case as in air coolers. This helps to expel heat not only from the processor but also from other components inside the case, improving overall airflow and cooling for the entire system.

AIO water coolers are generally more expensive than traditional air coolers. For users who are particularly cost-conscious or focused on price-to-performance ratios, an air cooler may be a more budget-friendly option. The extra cost of an AIO cooler can be a downside for those looking for a more economical solution.

Although AIO water coolers have become much more reliable in recent years, there is still a small risk of leakage. While the technology and manufacturing processes are quite mature, leaks can still happen. If a leak occurs, not only will it affect the cooling performance of the processor, but the leaked liquid could also damage other sensitive PC components. To alleviate these concerns, many manufacturers offer extended warranties that cover leakage, ranging from three to six years, to attract customers.

Installing an AIO cooler is typically more complex than installing an air cooler. With air coolers, you simply attach the heatsink to the processor, clip on the fan, and connect the necessary cables. In contrast, an AIO water cooler requires you to install the water block (cold plate), radiator, and fans, along with several tubes and cables. This makes the installation process more involved and can be challenging for beginners or those who are new to PC building.

AIO water coolers offer exceptional cooling performance and a cleaner, more efficient setup compared to traditional air coolers. However, their higher price, potential risk of leaks, and more complicated installation process may make them less appealing to some users. For those who prioritize cooling efficiency and are willing to invest in a more advanced solution, AIO coolers can be an excellent choice. However, if you're on a budget or new to building PCs, you might want to consider an air cooler as a more cost-effective and simpler alternative.

Now that you understand the key advantages and disadvantages of AIO water coolers, you're in a better position to make an informed decision for your next PC build!





After discussing the principles of air coolers, let's dive into another popular cooling option: water coolers. As a more advanced solution for PC DIY enthusiasts, AIO water coolers are currently one of the most effective processor coolers available that most PC builders can afford. But what are the pros and cons of AIO water coolers?



| Advantages of AIO Water Coolers |

Excellent Cooling Performance

AIO water coolers leverage the high thermal conductivity of liquids to transfer heat from the processor quickly to the radiator, resulting in superior cooling performance. This makes them one of the most efficient solutions for keeping your processor cool, especially under heavy loads.



More Compact and Neat Internal Space

Unlike air coolers, which require bulky heatsinks and fans to be installed directly onto the processor, AIO water coolers use a closed-loop system with tubes that transfer heat to an external radiator. This means the cooling head (the part that contacts the CPU) can be smaller and more compact, allowing for a cleaner, less cluttered internal setup. This design also helps avoid blocking access to components like RAM or the motherboard, giving you more flexibility in choosing and installing other components.







Heat is Expelled Outside the Case

One of the standout advantages of an AIO cooler is that the radiator fan pushes hot air outside the case, rather than circulating it within the case as in air coolers. This helps to expel heat not only from the processor but also from other components inside the case, improving overall airflow and cooling for the entire system.





| Disadvantages of AIO Water Coolers |

Higher Price

AIO water coolers are generally more expensive than traditional air coolers. For users who are particularly cost-conscious or focused on price-to-performance ratios, an air cooler may be a more budget-friendly option. The extra cost of an AIO cooler can be a downside for those looking for a more economical solution.



Potential for Leaks

Although AIO water coolers have become much more reliable in recent years, there is still a small risk of leakage. While the technology and manufacturing processes are quite mature, leaks can still happen. If a leak occurs, not only will it affect the cooling performance of the processor, but the leaked liquid could also damage other sensitive PC components. To alleviate these concerns, many manufacturers offer extended warranties that cover leakage, ranging from three to six years, to attract customers.



More Complex Installation

Installing an AIO cooler is typically more complex than installing an air cooler. With air coolers, you simply attach the heatsink to the processor, clip on the fan, and connect the necessary cables. In contrast, an AIO water cooler requires you to install the water block (cold plate), radiator, and fans, along with several tubes and cables. This makes the installation process more involved and can be challenging for beginners or those who are new to PC building.







AIO water coolers offer exceptional cooling performance and a cleaner, more efficient setup compared to traditional air coolers. However, their higher price, potential risk of leaks, and more complicated installation process may make them less appealing to some users. For those who prioritize cooling efficiency and are willing to invest in a more advanced solution, AIO coolers can be an excellent choice. However, if you're on a budget or new to building PCs, you might want to consider an air cooler as a more cost-effective and simpler alternative.



Now that you understand the key advantages and disadvantages of AIO water coolers, you're in a better position to make an informed decision for your next PC build!

While All-in-One (AIO) water coolers offer superior cooling performance, they also come with their own set of drawbacks and important considerations.

Advantages and Disadvantages of All-in-One (AIO) Water Coolers

일체형(AIO) 수랭 쿨러는 뛰어난 냉각 성능을 제공하지만, 몇 가지 단점과 중요한 고려 사항도 있습니다.

일체형(AIO) 수냉식 쿨러의 장점과 단점

Since the advent of computer processors, air coolers, often referred to as tower fans by DIY enthusiasts, have played a vital role in cooling processors and improving performance. It wasn't until the introduction of all-in-one liquid coolers that air coolers began to see some changes. So, what should you keep in mind when selecting a tower fan? To make an informed decision, it’s essential to first understand the structure and cooling principles of a tower fan.

A tower fan typically consists of four main components: heat fins, heat pipes, base, and fan.

These are usually made of aluminum or copper and are designed to dissipate heat efficiently. They provide a large surface area for the fan to help cool the hot air generated by the processor.

Most heat pipes are made of copper, which is hollow and contains a small amount of heat-conducting liquid. As the temperature rises, the liquid in the base of the pipe evaporates, transferring the heat to the top of the heat pipe. The heat fins and fan then assist in cooling down the system. Once the temperature decreases, the vapor condenses back into liquid form and returns to the bottom of the heat pipe.

The base of the tower fan is typically coated with thermal paste, ensuring the fan's base is tightly connected to the processor for optimal heat transfer.

The fan is mounted on the heat fins via clips or screws, and it uses airflow to carry heat away from the heat fins and heat pipes. The speed and airflow of the fan are key factors in the overall cooling performance.

The cooling process in a tower fan starts at the base, where heat is transferred to the liquid inside the heat pipes. As the liquid heats up, it evaporates and moves to the top of the heat pipe, where the heat is dispersed by the heat fins and fan. The liquid then condenses back into a liquid state when cooled, continuing the cycle.

| Important Factors to Consider When Choosing a Tower Fan | 

Entry-level tower fans typically have 4 heat pipes, while flagship models come with 6 or 7 heat pipes. The more heat pipes a tower fan has, the better its heat dissipation capabilities. More heat pipes mean more effective heat transfer and better cooling performance.

The fan in a tower cooler is responsible for dissipating the heat from the heat fins. A fan with higher airflow will carry away the heat more quickly, which results in better cooling performance. The more airflow the fan generates, the faster the heat is removed from the system.

The more fans a tower cooler has, the better the cooling performance. Entry-level tower fans typically use a single fan, while high-end models use two or more fans to enhance cooling efficiency.

Important Note: For dual-fan tower coolers, be sure to check the height of your RAM. There can be compatibility issues if the tower fans interfere with the RAM modules, preventing proper installation.

Choosing the right tower fan for your PC build requires understanding the cooling technology behind it. Tower fans have evolved to become an effective solution for cooling processors, offering a straightforward yet efficient cooling mechanism. By considering factors like the number of heat pipes, fan performance, and fan quantity, you can make a more informed decision to ensure optimal cooling for your system.

Now that you understand the key components and how they work, you're ready to choose the perfect tower fan for your PC!





Since the advent of computer processors, air coolers, often referred to as tower fans by DIY enthusiasts, have played a vital role in cooling processors and improving performance. It wasn't until the introduction of all-in-one liquid coolers that air coolers began to see some changes. So, what should you keep in mind when selecting a tower fan? To make an informed decision, it’s essential to first understand the structure and cooling principles of a tower fan.



| The Components of a Tower Fan |

A tower fan typically consists of four main components: heat fins, heat pipes, base, and fan.





Heat Fins

These are usually made of aluminum or copper and are designed to dissipate heat efficiently. They provide a large surface area for the fan to help cool the hot air generated by the processor.



Heat Pipes

Most heat pipes are made of copper, which is hollow and contains a small amount of heat-conducting liquid. As the temperature rises, the liquid in the base of the pipe evaporates, transferring the heat to the top of the heat pipe. The heat fins and fan then assist in cooling down the system. Once the temperature decreases, the vapor condenses back into liquid form and returns to the bottom of the heat pipe.



Base

The base of the tower fan is typically coated with thermal paste, ensuring the fan's base is tightly connected to the processor for optimal heat transfer.



Fan

The fan is mounted on the heat fins via clips or screws, and it uses airflow to carry heat away from the heat fins and heat pipes. The speed and airflow of the fan are key factors in the overall cooling performance.



| The Cooling Principle of a Tower Fan |

The cooling process in a tower fan starts at the base, where heat is transferred to the liquid inside the heat pipes. As the liquid heats up, it evaporates and moves to the top of the heat pipe, where the heat is dispersed by the heat fins and fan. The liquid then condenses back into a liquid state when cooled, continuing the cycle.







| Important Factors to Consider When Choosing a Tower Fan | 

Number of Heat Pipes

Entry-level tower fans typically have 4 heat pipes, while flagship models come with 6 or 7 heat pipes. The more heat pipes a tower fan has, the better its heat dissipation capabilities. More heat pipes mean more effective heat transfer and better cooling performance.







Fan Performance

The fan in a tower cooler is responsible for dissipating the heat from the heat fins. A fan with higher airflow will carry away the heat more quickly, which results in better cooling performance. The more airflow the fan generates, the faster the heat is removed from the system.







Number of Fans

The more fans a tower cooler has, the better the cooling performance. Entry-level tower fans typically use a single fan, while high-end models use two or more fans to enhance cooling efficiency.

Important Note: For dual-fan tower coolers, be sure to check the height of your RAM. There can be compatibility issues if the tower fans interfere with the RAM modules, preventing proper installation.







| Conclusion |

Choosing the right tower fan for your PC build requires understanding the cooling technology behind it. Tower fans have evolved to become an effective solution for cooling processors, offering a straightforward yet efficient cooling mechanism. By considering factors like the number of heat pipes, fan performance, and fan quantity, you can make a more informed decision to ensure optimal cooling for your system.



Now that you understand the key components and how they work, you're ready to choose the perfect tower fan for your PC!

Air cooling solutions have been on the market for a long time, and understanding the components of a cooler and the factors that affect its cooling performance is crucial when selecting a cooler.

How Do Tower Fans Cool? Become a Tower Fan Expert in 5 Minutes

공랭식 냉각 솔루션은 오랫동안 시장에 출시되어 왔으며, 냉각기를 선택할 때는 냉각기의 구성 요소와 냉각 성능에 영향을 미치는 요소를 이해하는 것이 매우 중요합니다.

타워형 선풍기는 어떻게 시원하게 할까요? 5분 만에 타워형 선풍기 전문가가 되어보세요

When it comes to PC building, one of the most tedious tasks is often managing the cables that connect your fans. Thankfully, recent innovations in fan technology have made things much easier, especially with the advent of snap-on fans. These fans, similar to a puzzle, allow you to connect them without the need for any cables — just touch points that complete the connection and power up the fan. Snap-on fans come in two main designs: magnetic and clip-on.

As the name suggests, magnetic snap-on fans rely on magnets to connect the fans together. Typically, these fans have magnets placed along the touch points on both sides and the bottom. This ensures a strong and stable connection between the fans, allowing them to easily connect and function properly without the need for wires.

To connect magnetic fans, all you need to do is bring the magnetic connection points close together. The fans will automatically attract each other and power on once they make contact. It’s a simple, hassle-free process that eliminates the need for traditional cables.

Clip-on snap-on fans use a different method for connection. These fans rely on clips or slots that secure the fans into place. Once the fans are clipped together, the touch points make contact, powering on the fan and allowing it to operate. This method requires a bit more effort in terms of installation, but it provides a secure, stable connection.

| Magnetic Fans vs. Clip-on Fans: Pros and Cons |

 offer unique benefits, depending on what you're looking for in a fan setup. If you prefer a quick and easy installation process with less effort, 

 are the way to go. However, if you want a more secure and long-lasting connection, 

 may be the better choice, despite the extra effort required during installation.

For DIY builders who want to reduce cable clutter and make the building process easier, snap-on fans are an excellent option — and with the right choice between magnetic and clip-on designs, you can find the fan system that best suits your needs.




When it comes to PC building, one of the most tedious tasks is often managing the cables that connect your fans. Thankfully, recent innovations in fan technology have made things much easier, especially with the advent of snap-on fans. These fans, similar to a puzzle, allow you to connect them without the need for any cables — just touch points that complete the connection and power up the fan. Snap-on fans come in two main designs: magnetic and clip-on.



| Magnetic Snap-on Fans: How They Work |

As the name suggests, magnetic snap-on fans rely on magnets to connect the fans together. Typically, these fans have magnets placed along the touch points on both sides and the bottom. This ensures a strong and stable connection between the fans, allowing them to easily connect and function properly without the need for wires.





How to Connect Magnetic Fans

To connect magnetic fans, all you need to do is bring the magnetic connection points close together. The fans will automatically attract each other and power on once they make contact. It’s a simple, hassle-free process that eliminates the need for traditional cables.







| Clip-on Snap-on Fans: How They Work |

Clip-on snap-on fans use a different method for connection. These fans rely on clips or slots that secure the fans into place. Once the fans are clipped together, the touch points make contact, powering on the fan and allowing it to operate. This method requires a bit more effort in terms of installation, but it provides a secure, stable connection.







| Magnetic Fans vs. Clip-on Fans: Pros and Cons |

Magnetic Fans

Pros:





Simple Connection: Magnetic fans are incredibly easy to install. You just align the touch points, and the magnets do the rest. The process is quick and straightforward, perfect for those looking to minimize the hassle of building their PC.



Flexible Installation: Since there are no clips or slots, you can quickly rearrange or reposition the fans without worrying about securing or damaging connections.

Cons:





Potential Weakening Over Time: If you frequently install and remove the fans, the magnetic connection could weaken over time. This might lead to instability, with the fan not working properly or even disconnecting.



Less Secure Over Time: While magnetic connections are initially strong, they can lose their grip after repeated handling, leading to less reliable performance.

Clip-on Fans

Pros:





Stable and Secure: Clip-on fans provide a more stable connection, making them ideal for long-term use. Once they are installed, you don’t need to worry about them becoming loose or unstable.



Less Risk of Weakening: Unlike magnetic fans, clip-on fans are not subject to weakening magnets. Their mechanical connections are more durable over time.

Cons:





More Complicated Installation: Installing clip-on fans can be a bit more cumbersome, as you need to align and secure the clips properly. This could be a bit of a hassle if you need to make adjustments or reinstall fans.



Risk of Damage: The clips on these fans can be fragile. If you’re not careful during installation, you could break the clips, rendering the fan unusable. If you're unlucky, you might break two clips at once, necessitating the purchase of replacement fans.



Both magnetic snap-on fans and clip-on snap-on fans offer unique benefits, depending on what you're looking for in a fan setup. If you prefer a quick and easy installation process with less effort, magnetic fans are the way to go. However, if you want a more secure and long-lasting connection, clip-on fans may be the better choice, despite the extra effort required during installation.



For DIY builders who want to reduce cable clutter and make the building process easier, snap-on fans are an excellent option — and with the right choice between magnetic and clip-on designs, you can find the fan system that best suits your needs.

When it comes to PC building, one of the most tedious tasks is often managing the cables that connect your fans.

The Best Option for Lazy PC Builders: Snap-on Fans

PC 조립에 있어서 가장 번거로운 작업 중 하나는 팬을 연결하는 케이블을 정리하는 것입니다.

게으른 PC 조립자를 위한 최고의 선택: 스냅온 팬

Nowadays, most PC cases come with pre-installed fans for DIY builders. However, many cases only include up to four fans by default. For those who seek peak cooling performance, it's common to purchase additional fans to improve airflow. But did you know? The key to effective cooling isn't just about the number of fans; the direction of airflow is just as crucial. So, how should you position your fans to achieve the best cooling performance?

Whether you have a standard case with a front panel or a popular “seaview” (open-frame) case, the principle of airflow remains the same. There’s a simple rule to follow: "Front and bottom intake, rear and top exhaust." This means that the front (or side panel, for seaview cases) and bottom of the case should have intake fans, while the top and rear panels should have exhaust fans.

Why is this so effective? Because heat naturally rises within the case. The exhaust fans at the top and rear are placed closest to the hot air, helping to quickly expel it from the system. Meanwhile, the intake fans at the front and bottom draw in cool air, creating a constant flow of fresh air into the case. This setup ensures that hot air is efficiently removed, and cool air is consistently drawn in, leading to optimal cooling performance.

With the growing popularity of seaview cases (cases with a more open design, often without a front panel for fan installation), manufacturers have had to rethink fan positioning. Since these cases lack space for fans at the front panel, fans are often mounted on the side panel instead. However, if you follow the traditional fan placement method for optimal cooling, the fan's back will face the inside of the case. This results in unsightly exposed cables and can make cable management a hassle.

To address both aesthetic and cable management concerns, many fan manufacturers have introduced 

 versions of their models. These reverse-blade fans allow the fan’s back to face outward, offering a cleaner look while maintaining optimal airflow.

The best airflow configuration for your PC case should be based on the design of the case, the internal component layout, and your specific cooling needs. Generally speaking, a "front-bottom intake and rear-top exhaust" design provides stable and efficient airflow circulation.

To further enhance your system's cooling efficiency:

By properly configuring the fans and optimizing airflow, you can keep your PC’s components cool, quiet, and running efficiently.

Whether you’re building a PC for gaming, content creation, or productivity, understanding the right fan installation direction is key to achieving optimal cooling performance. By following the principle of "front and bottom intake, rear and top exhaust," you’ll create an effective airflow system that ensures your PC stays cool, even during heavy loads. Keep in mind that your case’s design, component placement, and cooling needs should guide your fan setup, and don’t forget to manage cables for both aesthetics and efficiency!





Nowadays, most PC cases come with pre-installed fans for DIY builders. However, many cases only include up to four fans by default. For those who seek peak cooling performance, it's common to purchase additional fans to improve airflow. But did you know? The key to effective cooling isn't just about the number of fans; the direction of airflow is just as crucial. So, how should you position your fans to achieve the best cooling performance?



| Understanding Airflow in PC Cases |

Whether you have a standard case with a front panel or a popular “seaview” (open-frame) case, the principle of airflow remains the same. There’s a simple rule to follow: "Front and bottom intake, rear and top exhaust." This means that the front (or side panel, for seaview cases) and bottom of the case should have intake fans, while the top and rear panels should have exhaust fans.



Why is this so effective? Because heat naturally rises within the case. The exhaust fans at the top and rear are placed closest to the hot air, helping to quickly expel it from the system. Meanwhile, the intake fans at the front and bottom draw in cool air, creating a constant flow of fresh air into the case. This setup ensures that hot air is efficiently removed, and cool air is consistently drawn in, leading to optimal cooling performance.



| The Rise of Reverse Blade Fans |

With the growing popularity of seaview cases (cases with a more open design, often without a front panel for fan installation), manufacturers have had to rethink fan positioning. Since these cases lack space for fans at the front panel, fans are often mounted on the side panel instead. However, if you follow the traditional fan placement method for optimal cooling, the fan's back will face the inside of the case. This results in unsightly exposed cables and can make cable management a hassle.



To address both aesthetic and cable management concerns, many fan manufacturers have introduced reverse-blade fan versions of their models. These reverse-blade fans allow the fan’s back to face outward, offering a cleaner look while maintaining optimal airflow.







| Ideal Airflow Configuration |

The best airflow configuration for your PC case should be based on the design of the case, the internal component layout, and your specific cooling needs. Generally speaking, a "front-bottom intake and rear-top exhaust" design provides stable and efficient airflow circulation.

To further enhance your system's cooling efficiency:





Position fans strategically: Place intake fans at the front and bottom of the case and exhaust fans at the rear and top.



Ensure dust filters: Install dust filters on intake fans to keep your PC clean and prevent dust buildup inside the case.



Adjust fan numbers if needed: While four fans might be sufficient for some setups, adding extra fans or using higher-quality fans can help improve airflow and cooling performance.

By properly configuring the fans and optimizing airflow, you can keep your PC’s components cool, quiet, and running efficiently.



| Conclusion |

Whether you’re building a PC for gaming, content creation, or productivity, understanding the right fan installation direction is key to achieving optimal cooling performance. By following the principle of "front and bottom intake, rear and top exhaust," you’ll create an effective airflow system that ensures your PC stays cool, even during heavy loads. Keep in mind that your case’s design, component placement, and cooling needs should guide your fan setup, and don’t forget to manage cables for both aesthetics and efficiency!

When it comes to cooling performance, it's not just about the number of fans in your system — the direction of airflow is equally important.

The Best Fan Installation Direction for Your PC Case

냉각 성능에 있어서는 시스템에 설치된 팬의 개수뿐만 아니라 공기 흐름의 방향 또한 매우 중요합니다.

PC 케이스에 팬을 설치하는 가장 좋은 방향

현대 게임과 컴퓨터 DIY에 열정을 가진 다크플래시는 PC 케이스, CPU 쿨러, 케이스 팬, 심지어 게이밍 의자와 테이블까지 직접 조립하고 사용하며 최고급 사양의 뛰어난 제품을 개발하는 데 끊임없이 노력해 온 것을 자랑스럽게 생각합니다.

저희의 목표는 모든 사용자가 만족할 수 있는 최고의 제품을 만드는 것입니다.

다크플래시

As an enthusiast of games and computer DIY in this age, we, darkFlash, feel proud and grateful for keep thinking how to develop impressive and extraordinary products with high-end facilities by assembling and using the PC cases, CPU coolers, case fans, and even gaming chairs and tables in person.

Our goal is to create products that could extremely exert its effect by every user.